QUANTIFICATION OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN THE CEMENT INDUSTRY OF PT X AND SYSTEM DYNAMICS MODELING TOWARDS CARBON NEUTRAL CONDITION

• Main Author: Tazkia A Harijanto, Rizky
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Subjects: Teknik saniter dan perkotaan; teknik perlindungan lingkungan
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/86997
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

The cement industry is one of the sectors that requires large amounts of thermal and electrical energy, and its raw materials contain high levels of carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide, as one of the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, causes environmental, health, and economic damage. To address these issues, Indonesia has committed to reducing GHG emissions in the industrial sector by 2050. Planning to reduce GHG emissions produced by companies requires emission quantification, which identifies the level of emissions generated under current company conditions and the potential for emission mitigation. The cement industry has a GHG emission quantification system to calculate emissions from raw material processing, thermal energy consumption, and electricity purchases. The calculation results are then simulated using Vensim PLE software for the period from 2021 to 2050 under business-as-usual conditions and emission reduction scenarios. These mitigation scenarios include the use of alternative raw materials, alternative fuels, energy efficiency, waste heat recovery, and carbon sequestration. The quantified emissions of PT X are lower than the emission intensity of cement production at both global and Indonesian levels. Modeling projections show that CO2 emissions under business-as-usual conditions and emissions reductions using the best available technologies currently cannot achieve net-zero emissions by 2050. Achieving carbon neutrality requires the purchase of carbon sequestration and economic instruments.