COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS ALTERNATIVE POLICY INTERVENTION FOR TRANSPORTATION SECTOR EMISSION CONTROL IN JAKARTA

• Main Author: Mahardhika T, Bonifasius
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Subjects: Teknik saniter dan perkotaan; teknik perlindungan lingkungan
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/87022
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

The Special Region of Jakarta (DKJ) as the center of the economy and center of government in Indonesia, is the most densely populated city in Indonesia. Population growth and the high rate of development in this city have resulted in more and more activities and activities being carried out. This is in line with the decline in the air quality of DKJ region which can be seen through the air quality index (AQI) which is unsafe for sensitive groups as of 2023. The initial step that can be taken to evaluate the condition of air pollution in DKJ region is to conduct an inventory of emissions from anthropogenic sources. Calculation of the total emission load from anthropogenic sources including the residential, commercial, industrial, electricity generation, transportation (exhaust emissions and nonexhaust emissions), and solid waste management on quality in the city of Jakarta is important to determine the level of air pollution that has occurred. Previous research related to emission inventory in DKJ region stated that the transportation sector is the main contributor to DKJ region. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the effectiveness of transportation sector control policies in reducing the total emission load of anthropogenic sources in DKJ region. This study aims to determine the emission load GHGs, CO, NOX, SO2, NMVOC, PM10, PM2.5, and BC parameters produced by all sectors in The Special Region of Jakarta in 2023, to determine the spatial distribution of air emissions of GHGs, CO, NOX, SO2, NMVOC, PM10, PM2.5, and BC parameters in The Special Region of Jakarta, to determine the key pollutants distribution pattern CO, NOX, SO2, and PM2.5 in ambient air within The Special Region of Jakarta, to determine the emission load after intervention of various alternative emission reduction policies in 2023, and to identify alternative transportation sector policies that are most effective in reducing the total emission load of The Special Region of Jakarta also considered as economically effective. Emission inventory is conducted by collecting activity data in Jakarta which is then inputted into Greenhouse Gas and Air Pollution Interactions and Synergies (GAINS), to provide output for calculating the total emission load in Jakarta. The bottom-up approach is carried out in the transportation sector, while in other sectors this study uses a top-down approach. The calculated emission load will be visualized into a spatial distribution map, which can describe location in DKJ region that have a high emission load. In addition, the results of this calculation can then be used to perform dispersion modeling, which can provide an overview of ambient air quality in DKJ. The results of this calculation are also the basis for considering interventions for air quality control strategies, such as the application of DPF retrofits on buses and trucks and the transition to the use of electric buses, trucks, and motorcycles. The cost-effective calculation will consider the investment costs of each policy scenario which then includes the results of the scenario intervention calculation for reducing the emission load in Jakarta. This study will provide an overview of Jakarta's air quality through a description of the distribution of air emissions on a spatial distribution map and also ambient air quality in Jakarta based on the results of air emission dispersion modeling. This study will also provide an overview of the potential of policy scenarios considered in this study, through cost-effectiveness calculations. The conclusions obtained from this study can be the basis for consideration in determining the most effective transportation sector air control policies in reducing emission loads and investment costs. This can be an alternative policy planning that can be used by the Jakarta government to improve local air quality.