SYNTHESIS OF HEAT STABILIZER POLYVINYL CHLORIDE FROM KAPOK SEED OIL

• Main Author: Jumrawati
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/87239
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is one of the most widely used polymers in the world. PVC is used widely across a wide range of industrial, technical and everyday applications including use in building, transportation, packaging, electrical/electronics and healthcare applications. However, PVC has the disadvantage that it degrades due to heat. If degradation is not prevented, PVC turns into polyene and becomes dark and brittle making it unformable. The main cause of degradation is the presence of allylic chlorides in PVC. To overcome this problem, it is necessary to add additives in the form of thermal stabilizers to PVC. Conventional stabilizers are generally based on lead, calcium, or zinc, which although effective, may pose environmental and health concerns. Therefore, the development of alternative stabilizers that are more environmentally friendly is essential. One potential material that can be used is kapok seed oil. Kapok seed oil, which is rich in unsaturated fatty acids, is processed through a chemical process to produce compounds with the ability to stabilize PVC against thermal degradation. The purpose of this research is to synthesize metal mixture stabilizer, test the effectiveness of metal mixture stabilizer (Ca/Zn) based on kapok seed oil and compare the stabilization effect of metal mixture thermal stabilizer (Ca/Zn) produced with commercial metal mixture thermal stabilizer. The stabilization effect tests carried out include dynamic tests (roll mill) and static tests (congo red and dehydrochlorination). The result of this study is that calcium and zinc carboxylates have been prepared from kapok seed oil. The formation of both metal carboxylates was confirmed by FTIR spectrophotometry. TGA analysis showed that the prepared calcium and zinc carboxylates were practically stable at 200oC. Kapok seed oil was successfully synthesized, Ca-kapok (in the form of dihydrate): 6.2% Ca and 87.3% fatty acid, Zn kapok: 10.5% Zn and 89.3% fatty acids. The kapok Ca/Zn stab proved to be effective in stabilizing PVC resin, able to maintain the PVC color not dark brown for 30-55 minutes at a dose of 3-5 phr in a roll mill test at 190oC and competitive with calcium/zinc stearate mixtures commonly used in industry.