DIGITAL TRANSITION IN CIVIL SERVANT MANAGEMENT AT THENATIONAL CIVIL SERVICE AGENCY: A MULTILEVELPERSPECTIVE STUDY

• Main Author: Aulia Netra, Putri
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/87561
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

This study aims to analyze the digitalization transition in ASN (State Civil Apparatus) management within the National Civil Service Agency (BKN) from 1999 to mid-2024. The Multilevel Perspective (MLP) approach is employed to examine the socio-technical transitions involved in the digitalization of ASN management. This transition encompasses changes in the overall configuration, including technology, policies, infrastructure, and other elements, to analyze the interaction of digitalization developments in ASN management across three analytical levels: landscape, socio-technical regime, and niche. The findings of this study reveal that the digitalization of ASN management services at BKN has undergone complex dynamics through three major phases: the development of SIMKRI, SAPK, and SIASN. At the landscape level, technological independence, demands for bureaucratic reform, and economic self-reliance serve as strong drivers for the adoption of technology in government. At the regime level, regulations and national institutions continue to adapt to the pressures from the landscape level. Meanwhile, the niche level highlights the role of key actors in initiating and developing new system innovations in the digitalization of ASN management. This process illustrates a gradual diffusion of innovation, encountering various challenges and resistance to change during the transition toward digital-based ASN management governance. Digitalization in government is not merely a technical matter or confined to technological aspects but is also closely tied to policy shifts. Several studies suggest that technology holds great potential to enhance efficiency and accountability. However, the findings of this research indicate that this is not entirely true, as technology has a broad impact on organizations. Thus, the choice of digital technology cannot be separated from the existing policy context. When the government changes policies, these changes are often followed by the implementation of new technologies. However, unlike policy changes that only require regulatory revisions, implementing new technologies is far more complex as it must adapt to pre-existing technologies. Pre-installed technologies are often incompatible with new technologies, leading to problems or friction. These issues can hinder the implementation of new technologies and create friction within the bureaucratic system. Furthermore, this study demonstrates that the bureaucratic paradigm shift significantly influences the need for a more adaptive and technology-based ASN management system to support ASN governance. Changes in the ASN management information system reflect how bureaucratic pressures based on national development agendas have driven digital transitions at BKN. Each phase shows a close relationship between the national leaders' agendas, bureaucratic priorities, and technological development. Although the transition has provided improvements in ASN management services, digitalization still relies on strengthening infrastructure, system alignment, capacity-building for human resources, and policies that support the sustainability of digital implementation in Indonesia. The reflection of this study's findings contributes to the development discourse, indicating that digital transitions are not solely about technology but also involve empowering human resources (HR) and creating work structures that support long-term adaptation. Therefore, the government must align national development policies with inclusive, adaptive, and responsive digitalization, while BKN must develop holistic planning for system development, HR, and evaluation to support the sustainable digitalization of ASN management