TRANSMISSION LINE PROTECTION PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT ON POWER SYSTEMS WITH INVERTER-BASED RESOURCES

• Main Author: Saifussalam, Muhammad
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/87611
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

In the pursuit of achieving Net Zero Emission, the transition to renewable energy sources (RES) has become a necessity. Most RES and their supporting facilities are integrated into the power system through inverters, commonly referred to as Inverter-Based Resources (IBRs). The working principles of IBRs differ significantly from conventional generators, impacting various aspects of existing power systems. One critical aspect affected by IBRs is transmission line protection. Therefore, studying the challenges posed by IBR penetration on transmission line protection is crucial during the transition to RES based on IBRs. This study models a Grid Forming Inverter (GFM) type of Inverter-Based Resource (IBR) integrated into an IEEE 9-Bus system. The performance of Distance and Line Current Differential (LCD) protection was assessed through simulations of various fault types using the Electromagnetic Transient (EMT) method in DigSILENT PowerFactory. Relay responses were evaluated for operational scenarios with IBR penetration levels of 0%, 66%, and 100%. The results indicate that fault currents generated by IBR sources have limited magnitudes close to nominal current and minimal negative-sequence components. Based on the evaluation of relay operating times and impedance trajectories, IBR penetration negatively impacts the performance of distance relays, causing issues such as underreach and overreach. However, for LCD relays, performance is not affected by IBR penetration levels.