ANALYSIS OF CARBON REDUCTION EMISSIONS THROUGH RENEWABLE ENERGY PLANNING AND UTILIZATION IN EAST KALIMANTAN

• Main Author: Siddiq Sutejo, Anwar
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/87683
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

The increasing energy demand in East Kalimantan is driven by population growth and economic development, requiring comprehensive energy planning to ensure sustainability and efficiency. Although East Kalimantan has significant renewable energy potential from hydropower, solar, and biomass, more than 85% of its power plants still rely on coal and diesel, contributing significantly to carbon dioxide (CO?) emissions. In 2022, renewable energy accounted for only 7.24% of the regional energy mix, far below the target of 12.39% set for 2025 in the National Energy Plan. This study utilizes the Low Emission Analysis Platform (LEAP) software to project energy demand and evaluate CO? emissions reductions up to 2035 under four scenarios: Business as Usual (BAU), nuclear power utilization (PLTN), renewable energy, and a combination of nuclear power with renewable energy (RE MIX). The simulation results indicate an increase in electricity demand from 4,420.2 GWh in 2023 to 6,968.1 GWh in 2035, with an average annual growth rate of 3.83%. The RE MIX scenario achieves the largest emission reduction of 14.52%, with total emissions of 11,577.5 thousand metric tons, while the nuclear scenario achieves a reduction of 12.84%, with total emissions of 11,805.6 thousand metric tons. In terms of production cost (BPP), the renewable energy scenario shows the lowest cost at Rp822.72/kWh compared to the BAU scenario, while the Nuclear and RE MIX scenarios record the highest costs at Rp1,456.39/kWh and Rp1,514.30/kWh, respectively. Nonetheless, the RE MIX scenario offers the greatest emissions reduction benefit with carbon credits of 3,933 thousand USD, followed by the nuclear scenario with 3,476.82 thousand USD, while the renewable energy scenario generates carbon credits of 980.74 thousand USD. The renewable energy scenario is the most optimal choice in the medium term for the energy transition towards a more sustainable system. Its combination of low production costs, relatively affordable investment, and contributions to sustainability makes it a strategic choice to support commitments to emission reduction and the shift to environmentally friendly renewable energy.