PROPOSED STRATEGIC POLICYMAKING PROCESS MODEL FOR THE NATIONAL SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM IN A COMPLEX AND DECENTRALIZED ENVIRONMENT

• Main Author: Muliati, Iene
• Format: Dissertations
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/87741
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Social security is critical in protecting individuals from poverty due to economic shocks. In 2004, Indonesia enacted Law 40/2004 on the National Social Security System, which established the framework for mandatory contributory social security programs for all Indonesian citizens and foreigners residing in the country for at least six months. The implementation of these programs began in January 2014 with the national health insurance scheme managed by BPJS Kesehatan, followed by employment-based social security programs launched in July 2015 and managed by BPJS Ketenagakerjaan. Despite these efforts, the implementation has faced several challenges, including a growing number of inactive members, non- compliance, low participation in employment-based social security, and an over- reliance on government funding for the national health insurance program. Additionally, certain policy deviations have occurred due to public pressure, further jeopardizing the long-term sustainability of the national social security system. The design and implementation of mandatory contributory national social security programs involve multiple sectors and stakeholders with diverse interests, complicating the policymaking process. Research gaps reveal that existing policymaking models lack empirical testing and applicability in diverse contexts, highlighting the need for an integrated model. This study aims to explore and identify strategic interventions influencing policymaking in this context. Using a qualitative action research approach, the study adopts a pragmatic research paradigm, an abductive reasoning approach, and cross-sectional and longitudinal time horizons. Data collection employs a multi-method qualitative approach, including semi-structured in-depth interviews, participant observations, focus group discussions, and archival data, with purposive and snowball sampling techniques for informant selection. The findings highlight key strategic interventions essential for effective policymaking, leading to the development of a practice-oriented model that fosters discussion and consensus among stakeholders to ensure the successful implementation of the National Social Security programs.