Association of soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products (sRAGE) serum on COVID-19 severity: A cross-sectional study

• Main Authors: Saputra, Gusti NR., Meliana, Resti Yudhawati, Fitriah, Munawaroh
• Format: Article PeerReviewed
• Language: English; English; Indonesian; English; Indonesian; English
• Published: Elsevier B.V 2022
• Subjects: R Medicine (General); R5-920 Medicine (General)
• Online Access: https://repository.unair.ac.id/118465/3/turnitin%204.pdf; https://repository.unair.ac.id/118465/4/KELENGKAPAN.pdf; https://repository.unair.ac.id/118465/11/Association%20of%20soluble%20receptor%20for%20advanced%20glycation%20end-products%20%28sRAGE%29%20serum%20on%20COVID-19%20severity%20A%20cross-sectional%20study.pdf; https://repository.unair.ac.id/118465/14/Association%20of%20soluble%20receptor%20for%20advanced_compressed.pdf; https://repository.unair.ac.id/118465/16/Karil%20Association%20of%20soluble%20receptor.pdf; https://repository.unair.ac.id/118465/18/19%20artikel.pdf; https://repository.unair.ac.id/118465/; https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2049080122000632; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amsu.2022.103303
• Institution: Universitas Airlangga

Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new health problem discovered in 2019 thus requires biomarkers that can detect early tissue damage. Soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products (sRAGE) is a biomarker that can be used to identify early lung damage. Objective Analyzing the association of serum sRAGE on COVID-19 severity. Methods This study employed a cross-sectional design with a consecutive sampling method. It was conducted from May 2020–October 2021. The number of participants in this study was 145 participants which were divided into 2 groups (non-severe = 47 and severe = 98). Association of sRAGE serum on COVID-19 severity was analyzed using the chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, independence t-test, Mann Withney test, and Spearman's rank test with p-value <0.05. Results The results of blood analysis showed several blood components such as leukocytes (9896.51 ± 4949.64/μL; z = 2.431; p = 0.015), lymphocytes (13.55 ± 8.48%; z = 2.256; p = 0.024), neutrophils (78.91 ± 10.50%; z = 2.464; p = 0.014), procalcitonin (0.92 ± 3.22 ng/mL; z = 3.323; p = 0.001), CRP (8.59 ± 7.62 mg/L; z = 2.114; p = 0.034), D-dimer (4360.29 ± 7797.81 ng/mL; z = 2.186; p = 0.029), and fibrinogen (474.58 ± 168.90 mg/dL; t = 0.383; p = 0.703). There was a significant comparison in serum sRAGE values in the non-severe group (0.78 [0.63–1.00] ng/mL) and severe group (1.47 [0.97–2.25] ng/mL; r = 7.154; p <0.001). There was a significant association between serum sRAGE and COVID-19 severity (r = 0.598; p <0.001). The cut-off value for serum sRAGE between the severe and non-severe groups was 0.985 ng/mL. This study obtained sensitivity of 73.5%, specificity of 74.5% OR 8.077 and AUC 0.868 95% CI. Conclusion There is a significant association between serum sRAGE and COVID-19 severity and there is also a significant difference in serum sRAGE in the two groups.