Smoking from a Younger Age Is the Dominant Factor in the Incidence of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Case-Control Study

• Main Authors: WINDA SAFITRI, 101511123002, Santi Martini, -, Kurnia Dwi Artanti, -, Chung Yi-Li, CYL
• Format: Article PeerReviewed
• Language: English; English; English; English
• Published: 2021
• Subjects: R Medicine
• Online Access: https://repository.unair.ac.id/125122/1/4%20korespondensi.pdf; https://repository.unair.ac.id/125122/2/4%20ALL%20Article%20smoking.pdf; https://repository.unair.ac.id/125122/3/4%20VALIDASI%20KADEP%20PER%20REVIEW.pdf; https://repository.unair.ac.id/125122/4/Bukti%20Turnitin%204%20Smoking%20from%20a%20Younger%20Age.pdf; https://repository.unair.ac.id/125122/
• Institution: Universitas Airlangga

Abstract: Background: Indonesia ranks 7th highest in the world for the number of deaths caused by tobacco use including those caused by Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of initial smoking age and habit on the incidence of COPD. Me...