Carrageenophyte Kappaphycus malesianus Inhibits Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation via Suppression of AKT/NF-kB and ERK Signaling Pathways
Neuroinflammation is an inflammatory response in any part of the central nervous system triggered by the activation of microglia and astrocytes to produce proinflammatory cytokines in the brain. However, overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines further contributes to the development of neurodegen...
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Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
2022
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id-langga.1252152023-04-28T04:30:51Z https://repository.unair.ac.id/125215/ Carrageenophyte Kappaphycus malesianus Inhibits Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation via Suppression of AKT/NF-kB and ERK Signaling Pathways Nicole Jean-Yean Lai, - Ee-Ling Ngu, - Jun-Rui Pang, - Kah-Hui Wong, - Chrismawan Ardianto, - Long Chiau Ming, - Siew-Huah Lim, - Shweta Gangasa Walvekar, - Yoon-Yen Yow, - R Medicine RS Pharmacy and materia medica RS1-441 Pharmacy and materia medica RS200-201 Pharmaceutical dosage forms Neuroinflammation is an inflammatory response in any part of the central nervous system triggered by the activation of microglia and astrocytes to produce proinflammatory cytokines in the brain. However, overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines further contributes to the development of neurodegenerative disorders. Red seaweed, Kappaphycus malesianus, is a predominant carrageenophyte commercially cultivated in Semporna, Sabah, Malaysia. It is an important source of raw material for kappa-carrageenan productions in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries. However, no studies have been conducted focusing on the antineuroinflammatory effects of K. malesianus. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the antineuroinflammatory activity of K. malesianus extracts (ethyl acetate, ethanol and methanol) on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV2 microglia and the underlying mechanisms involved in the regulation of neuroinflammatory pathways. Extract with the most promising antineuroinflammatory activity was analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Our results show that methanol extract has a convincing antineuroinflammatory effect by suppressing both AKT/NF-κB and ERK signaling pathways to inhibit the expression of all proinflammatory cytokines without causing a cytotoxicity effect. LC-MS analysis of methanol extract revealed two compounds: prosopinine and eplerenone. Our findings indicated that metabolites of K. malesianus are potent antineuroinflammatory agents with respect to prevention of neurological disorders. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) 2022-08-20 Article PeerReviewed text en https://repository.unair.ac.id/125215/1/Artikel%20C-33.pdf text en https://repository.unair.ac.id/125215/2/%28C-33%29%20Kualitas%20Karil.pdf text en https://repository.unair.ac.id/125215/3/Similarity%20C-33.pdf Nicole Jean-Yean Lai, - and Ee-Ling Ngu, - and Jun-Rui Pang, - and Kah-Hui Wong, - and Chrismawan Ardianto, - and Long Chiau Ming, - and Siew-Huah Lim, - and Shweta Gangasa Walvekar, - and Yoon-Yen Yow, - (2022) Carrageenophyte Kappaphycus malesianus Inhibits Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation via Suppression of AKT/NF-kB and ERK Signaling Pathways. Marine Drugs, 20 (8). pp. 1-20. ISSN 1660-3397 https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/20/8/534 https://doi.org/10.3390/md20080534 |
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R Medicine RS Pharmacy and materia medica RS1-441 Pharmacy and materia medica RS200-201 Pharmaceutical dosage forms Nicole Jean-Yean Lai, - Ee-Ling Ngu, - Jun-Rui Pang, - Kah-Hui Wong, - Chrismawan Ardianto, - Long Chiau Ming, - Siew-Huah Lim, - Shweta Gangasa Walvekar, - Yoon-Yen Yow, - Carrageenophyte Kappaphycus malesianus Inhibits Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation via Suppression of AKT/NF-kB and ERK Signaling Pathways |
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Neuroinflammation is an inflammatory response in any part of the central nervous system triggered by the activation of microglia and astrocytes to produce proinflammatory cytokines in the brain. However, overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines further contributes to the development of neurodegenerative disorders. Red seaweed, Kappaphycus malesianus, is a predominant carrageenophyte commercially cultivated in Semporna, Sabah, Malaysia. It is an important source of raw material for kappa-carrageenan productions in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries. However, no studies have been conducted focusing on the antineuroinflammatory effects of K. malesianus. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the antineuroinflammatory activity of K. malesianus extracts (ethyl acetate, ethanol and methanol) on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV2 microglia and the underlying mechanisms involved in the regulation of neuroinflammatory pathways. Extract with the most promising antineuroinflammatory activity was analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Our results show that methanol extract has a convincing antineuroinflammatory effect by suppressing both AKT/NF-κB and ERK signaling pathways to inhibit the expression of all proinflammatory cytokines without causing a cytotoxicity effect. LC-MS analysis of methanol extract revealed two compounds: prosopinine and eplerenone. Our findings indicated that metabolites of K. malesianus are potent antineuroinflammatory agents with respect to prevention of neurological disorders. |
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Article PeerReviewed |
author |
Nicole Jean-Yean Lai, - Ee-Ling Ngu, - Jun-Rui Pang, - Kah-Hui Wong, - Chrismawan Ardianto, - Long Chiau Ming, - Siew-Huah Lim, - Shweta Gangasa Walvekar, - Yoon-Yen Yow, - |
author_facet |
Nicole Jean-Yean Lai, - Ee-Ling Ngu, - Jun-Rui Pang, - Kah-Hui Wong, - Chrismawan Ardianto, - Long Chiau Ming, - Siew-Huah Lim, - Shweta Gangasa Walvekar, - Yoon-Yen Yow, - |
author_sort |
Nicole Jean-Yean Lai, - |
title |
Carrageenophyte Kappaphycus malesianus Inhibits Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation via Suppression of AKT/NF-kB and ERK Signaling Pathways |
title_short |
Carrageenophyte Kappaphycus malesianus Inhibits Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation via Suppression of AKT/NF-kB and ERK Signaling Pathways |
title_full |
Carrageenophyte Kappaphycus malesianus Inhibits Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation via Suppression of AKT/NF-kB and ERK Signaling Pathways |
title_fullStr |
Carrageenophyte Kappaphycus malesianus Inhibits Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation via Suppression of AKT/NF-kB and ERK Signaling Pathways |
title_full_unstemmed |
Carrageenophyte Kappaphycus malesianus Inhibits Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation via Suppression of AKT/NF-kB and ERK Signaling Pathways |
title_sort |
carrageenophyte kappaphycus malesianus inhibits microglia-mediated neuroinflammation via suppression of akt/nf-kb and erk signaling pathways |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://repository.unair.ac.id/125215/1/Artikel%20C-33.pdf https://repository.unair.ac.id/125215/2/%28C-33%29%20Kualitas%20Karil.pdf https://repository.unair.ac.id/125215/3/Similarity%20C-33.pdf https://repository.unair.ac.id/125215/ https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/20/8/534 https://doi.org/10.3390/md20080534 |
_version_ |
1765216145958240256 |