The Response of the Tongue Epithelial on Cigarette Smoke Exposure as a Risk Factor for Oral Cancer Development

• Main Authors: Neken Prasetyaningtyas, -, Nabilah Azzahra Jatiatmaja, -, Desiana Radithia, -, Hening Tuti Hendarti, -, Adiastuti Endah Parmadiati, -, Priyo Hadi, -, Fatma Yasmin Mahdani, -, Diah Savitri Ernawati, -, Rosnah Binti Zain, -, Nurina Febriyanti Ayuningtyas, -
• Format: Article PeerReviewed
• Language: English; English; English
• Published: Georg Thieme Verlag
• Subjects: RK Dentistry
• Online Access: https://repository.unair.ac.id/126796/1/8.pdf; https://repository.unair.ac.id/126796/2/8.pdf; https://repository.unair.ac.id/126796/3/8..pdf; https://repository.unair.ac.id/126796/; https://www.thieme-connect.com/products/ejournals/html/10.1055/s-0040-1721312
• Institution: Universitas Airlangga

Objective The aim of this study is to analyze the tongue epithelial response to cigarette smoke exposure on a number of macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) expression to determine the risk factor of oral cancer development. Materials and Methods Thirty Rattus norvegicus will be exposed to two kinds of cigarette smoke by a smoking pump for 4 and 8 weeks. The tongues were collected to analyze the number of macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells with hematoxylin-eosin. The MMP-9 expression was similarly analyzed with immunohistochemical staining and then compared with the control group. Results The number of macrophages, lymphocytes, and MMP-9 expression was higher in the 8-week cigarette smoke exposure compared to the 4-week cigarette smoke exposure and the control group (p < 0.000). The number of plasma cell did not differ in the 8-week cigarette smoke exposure from that of the control group (p > 0.05). The number of plasma cells in the tongue tissue during the 4-week cigarette smoke exposure was not determined. Conclusion Cigarette smoke exposure induces the risk of oral cancer development as a result of an increase in the number of macrophages, lymphocytes, and MMP-9 expression in the tongue epithelial.