TIPE-TIPE ANTONIMI BAHASA INGGRIS MENURUT SIFAT PERTENTANGAN MAKNANYA (KAJIAN RELASI SEMANTIS)

• Main Authors: , Estri Oktarena Ikrarini, , Prof. Dr. I Dewa Putu Wijana, S.U., MA
• Format: Theses and Dissertations NonPeerReviewed
• Published: [Yogyakarta] : Universitas Gadjah Mada 2012
• Subjects: ETD
• Online Access: https://repository.ugm.ac.id/118132/; http://etd.ugm.ac.id/index.php?mod=penelitian_detail&sub=PenelitianDetail&act=view&typ=html&buku_id=57449
• Institution: Universitas Gadjah Mada

The usage of antonymy in a language is a natural thing for any speakers. It is often said that antonymy is a natural concept apprehended by any language speakers starting from their childhood. In every antonym, a lexeme is contrasted on its meaning level to another lexeme. English has many antonyms that could be categorized as being canonical, such as hot�cold, old�young, and big�small as well as non-canonical such as hot�warm, black�red, and north�east. English also has several morphological processes which play a role in creating antonyms. This research aims at describing some characteristics and different types of English antonyms based on their meaning oppositeness as well as to the characteristics of semantic relations owned by English antonymy. It is also a synthesis of several experts� thoughts on antonymy, such as Lyons (1977), Cruse (1986), Palmer (1981), and Murphy (2003). This research is conducted through several processes, namely data collecting, analysis, and presentation as the nature of the descriptive-qualitative methodology. The data is collected from a list of antonyms written in an e-book Clear English published in 2006. Those data, then, are classified based on their parts of speech and the characteristics of their meaning contrast. During the analysis process, the writer applied distributional method to find out the uses of each word in sentences or phrases as found in Oxford Advanced Learner�s Dictionary. The results of this study show that based on the characteristics of meaning contrast, English antonymy could be divided into two main groups, i.e. antonymy of opposition and antonymy of contrast. The antonymy of opposition is then divided further into four types: complementary, gradable, converseness, and reversive. Meanwhile, the antonymy of contrast can be divided into three types, i.e. hierarchical, directional, and taxonomic antonyms. The results also reveal some properties of semantic relations held by English antonyms, such as productivity, binarity, variability, and predictability. The approach of Relation by Contrast � Lexical Contrast used in the analysis is able to identify the characteristics of antonyms, especially for non-canonical antonyms. It works by identifying maximal meaning similarity and minimal meaning difference lie within contrasting lexemes.