PLANNING FOR THE MOBILITY OF THE URBAN POOR IN YOGYAKARTA, INDONESIA (A Case Study in Kotagede)

• Main Authors: , GONGGOMTUA ESKANTO SITANGGANG, , Prof. Dr. Ir. Siti Malkhamah, M.Sc.
• Format: Theses and Dissertations NonPeerReviewed
• Published: [Yogyakarta] : Universitas Gadjah Mada 2013
• Subjects: ETD
• Online Access: https://repository.ugm.ac.id/118691/; http://etd.ugm.ac.id/index.php?mod=penelitian_detail&sub=PenelitianDetail&act=view&typ=html&buku_id=58665
• Institution: Universitas Gadjah Mada

High demographic growth particularly in developing countries such as Indonesia leads to a dense population and results mobility problems. Majority of population are low-income people who often live in urban area but quite far from the city centre where most government, industrial and education are administered. This situation causes the urban poor perceive difficulties in accessibilities since they are dependent on public transport and walking. It has been reported that poor people�s inability to access jobs and services is an important element of the social exclusion that defines urban poverty. Urban transport policy can attenuate this poverty, both by contributing to economic growth and by introducing a conscious poverty reduction focus to infrastructure investment, to public transport service planning, and to fare-subsidy and financing strategies. This study then concentrates on a case, which is the urban poor in Kotagede Yogyakarta. The aim of this study is to reveal the mobility level of the urban poor by conducting a field survey. This study uses home interview survey in order to collect the necessary data associated with their mobility level. Using SPSS software, the survey results are analysed with descriptive method to reveal the mobility level of the respondents. This study also uses brief face-to-face interviews and field survey of public transport facilities such bus stops and its routes in order to get a deeper understanding about the mobility level of the population. This study found that the urban poor in Kotagede are still having problems in terms of accessibility. There are several reasons but mainly they concerned about the safety and comfort of the access to the stops. However, the affordability level of public transport is varying across different income groups. This study reveals that the public transport in Kotagede especially bus is affordable for people with income more than IDR1,700,000. Accordingly, it is proven with chi square test that there is statistically significant relationship between income and the constraints in using bus. The chi square test results 0.022, which is reported as p < 0.05. Another social factor such as gender also shows a significant result with chi square value 0.008. The availability of Trans Jogja is also at low level shown by the high headway, which is more than 20 minutes from supposedly 15 minutes. This study then suggests increasing the accessibility level of the urban poor by improving the existing walking and cycling facilities and at the same time reduces the use of motor vehicles by parking management. Increasing the fleet number of buses should be taken into account as well in order to attract more motor vehicle users to use public transport.