AKTIVITAS EKONOMI PERDAGANGAN ORANG- ORANG CINADI PANTAI UTARA JAWA TIMUR PADA ABAD XVIII Economic Activities of The Chinese Traders in the North Coast of East Java

• Main Author: Perpustakaan UGM, i-lib
• Format: Article NonPeerReviewed
• Published: [Yogyakarta] : Universitas Gadjah Mada 1999
• Subjects: Jurnal i-lib UGM
• Online Access: https://repository.ugm.ac.id/23216/; http://i-lib.ugm.ac.id/jurnal/download.php?dataId=6158
• Institution: Universitas Gadjah Mada

ABSTRACT This thesis deals with the trading economic activity in the north coast of East Java from the 18th century. Considering that the north coast of East Java consists of many cities, the discussion focuses on the certain cities, namely Tuban, Gresik, Surabaya, Pasuruan, and Probolinggo. The Chinese played an important role in the trading for centuries. ' The existence of VOC in Java in the early 18th century, gave opportunity to the Chinese to expand their business network. They previously became middle men between Chinese traders and the indigenous merchants but then their role changed. After becoming the middle men, they played a vital role in either a collective trading or a distribution trade (export-import). In the 19th century, the role of the Chinese grew stronger, and they were able to occupy the economy of Java. They did not only run business on trading but also hiring farms and tilling the soil, setting up the sugar cane mill. Besides, they became the collectors of market and road taxes and held some profitable licenses like the license of distributing opium and liquor. When the rulers changed, the role of the Chinese changed too. They however, became midlle men of the tremendous trading between the western people and the natives. The economic policy of Dutch, Hindian government, somehow, had influenced the merchantile activities of the Chinese. The publication of letter of expedition was found to be the obstacle of their trading. This caused the decrease of merchantile process and it, somehow, influenced the European commerce and the loss of national finance stock reduced the income from the custom tax on the imported merchandise. Keywords: economic activity -- Chinese traders -- the economic policy of Dutch 1. Fakultas Sastra Universitas Wegeri Jember, Jember 2. Fakultas Sastra Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta menjalin kerja sama tiga arah. Jaringan kerja sama perdagangan sesama etnis dipadukan dengan kerja sama antara orang Cina dengan penguasa pribumi dan VOC. Hubungan sesama etnis dan penguasa pribumi yang telah berlangsung lama telah melancarkan urusan dalam bidang ekonomi perdagangan. Dari hubungan ini selain dapat memperluas wilayah perdagang annya, orang-orang Cina memperoleh perlindungan dan fasilitas yang menguntungkan kegiatan ekonomi perdagangan. Akhirnya, hubungan dengan VOC selain mendapat perlindungan dari ancaman persoalan yang datang dari penguasa-penguasa pribumi, pedagang-pedagang Cina dipercaya sebagai perantara dalam perdagangan koleksi maupun distribusi serta lisensi-lisensi yang penting dalam perdagangan candu, arak dan lain-lain sehingga semakin memperluas aktivitas perdagangan orang-orang Cina di pantai Utara Jawa Timur. Carey, Peter, Orang Jawa dan Masyarakat Cina (1755 - 1825), PT Pustaka Aset, Jakarta, 1985. . .