M2 microglia activation and proNGF inhibition : Possible Mechanisms Behind Cognitive Improvements by Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation on Alzheimer's Disease; A Literature Review

• Main Author: Alifa, Hasna Noor
• Format: Article PeerReviewed
• Published: 2022
• Subjects: Immunology; Neurosciences
• Online Access: https://repository.ugm.ac.id/282707/; https://alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/alz.066353
• Institution: Universitas Gadjah Mada

Background: Recent studies showed that Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation (LDIR) may induce significant cognitive improvements on Alzheimer's disease (AD). The mechanism behind it is still remain unclear. Method: In this review, numerous research papers and clinical studies results from the last 10 years related to LDIR exposure on AD as a treatment, immunochemistry in AD, and neurogenesis are collected. The results of the studies are then comprehensively analyzed to find any associations that could explain or give clues on how LDIR exposure may induce significant cognitive improvements in AD. Result: There is evidence that LDIR modulates microglia phenotypes by switching phenotype M1 to M2. The anti-inflammatory M2 microglia may associated in amyloid plaques and tau tangles reduction that showed in many studies on LDIR for AD treatment. Further study shows that LDIR also promotes proNGF inhibition that may triggers neurogenesis. Conclusion: LDIR shows that it may be a promising novel treatment for AD retrospectively via immunomodulation and triggers neurogenesis. © 2022 the Alzheimer's Association.