REKAYASA SEKRESI KUTU ALBASIA SEBAGAI MATRIKS ALAM BIOKOMPOSIT
Waste plastics are not biodegradable by the environment, reduced waste disposal sites, depletion of oil resources, concerns over emissions during incineration encourages efforts to develop Bioplastic from renewable sources. In Indonesia, people in regency Ciamis of West Java have used the insect sec...
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| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Theses and Dissertations NonPeerReviewed |
| Published: |
[Yogyakarta] : Universitas Gadjah Mada
2011
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://repository.ugm.ac.id/88901/ http://etd.ugm.ac.id/index.php?mod=penelitian_detail&sub=PenelitianDetail&act=view&typ=html&buku_id=50301 |
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| Institution: | Universitas Gadjah Mada |
| Summary: | Waste plastics are not biodegradable by the environment, reduced waste
disposal sites, depletion of oil resources, concerns over emissions during
incineration encourages efforts to develop Bioplastic from renewable sources. In
Indonesia, people in regency Ciamis of West Java have used the insect secretions
on Albazia tree (ISA) as a traditional adhesive material. The research aims to
make natural matrix from ISA and biocomposite with reinforcement natural fiber.
The study is divided into 3 researches. First research focused on the
investigation and characterization of the natural polymer that has been used by
people Ciamis, West Java, Indonesia as adhesive material. This research is related
to the certainty of renewable sources and chemical structures of natural polymers
in order to obtain the proper engineering methods for the matrix biocomposite.
Second Research focused on the engineering of the natural polymer into the
matrix reinforced natural fiber biocomposite. This research relates to the
determination of methods to manipulate the natural polymer in order to meet the
requirements of matrix composites. Third Research focused on the
characterization and evaluation of the matrix reinforced natural fibers
biocomposite. The characterisazation used the FTIR, TGA, and SEM-EDAX.
This research is related to the feasibility of natural matrix in terms of mechanical
properties. Micro Evaluations of matrix were done by determining the wettability
to know the fiber-matrix compatibility, pull-out tests to determine the interfacial
shear strength (IFSS). Macro evaluation of matrix was done by making
biocomposite with ramie and bamboo fiber as reinforcement. Mechanical test of
natural matrix and biocomposite used ASTM D 638 for tensile test, ASTM D 790
for flexure test and ASTM D 5942 for impact test. Feasibility of the matrix and
biocomposite will be compare to similar biocomposite.
Results of first research proved that the natural polymer is secretion of
lac insect that live in Albazia (albizia falcatara) and including biobased
materials. The chemical structure of ISA is aleuretic acid and soluble in alcohol.
Second research has found a method to deliver the ISA fulfill requirements of
matrix composites. Liquefaction method of ISA in order to wrap fiber is blended
with ethanol through a weight ratio of 1:1. Solidification method of ISA liquid in
order to keep fibers in place and not scattered is heated at 110-180oC. This
research managed to make formula of natural matrix (Matlac) from ISA with a
tensile strength 7 MPa, equivalent with other natural matrix that is MaterBi-Z (4-
7 MPa), Thermoplastis starch (5-9 MPa) and Soy protein isolates (5 MPa). The
research also managed to make the formulation manufacture of natural fiber
reinforced Matlac biocomposite. Third research proved the feasibility of the
biocomposite with some indicators. First, Contact angle of fiber-matrix is 30o so
good wettability, IFSS of ramie-matlac is 14.7 MPa equivalent with ramiepolypropylene
(17 MPa). Mechanical properties of 60% plain weave ramie
reinforced Matlac biocomposite are 87 MPa for tensile strength, 86 MPa for
flexure strength and 46 kJ/m2 for impact strength. While 63% plain weave bamboo reinforced Matlac biocomposite have mechanical properties for tensile
strength 75 MPa, 86 MPa for bending and 33 kJ/m2 for impact. The biocomposite
have equivalent tensile strength with other biocomposite from natural matrix
those have tensile strength 46-86 MPa. Conclusion of the dissertation research is
that the ISA can be engineered to meet the requirements of matrix composites and
can be used to create biocomposite with natural fiber reinforcement. The
biocomposite is a new alternative material (green composite) as one solution to
environmental problems because it is biodegradable, nontoxic, made in 100%
renewable resources, and potentially create new jobs. |
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