UTILIZATION OF CHROMIUM WASTE FROM TANNING INDUSTRY AS CERAMIC GLAZE
Waste from tanning industry contains chromium. Inappropriate waste handling can cause environmental pollution because the waste is hazardous and toxic materials, where the concentration of chromium in waste was 56314.026 ppm. Chromium waste has potential as stain on ceramic industry and been known a...
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| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Theses and Dissertations NonPeerReviewed |
| Published: |
[Yogyakarta] : Universitas Gadjah Mada
2011
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://repository.ugm.ac.id/89168/ http://etd.ugm.ac.id/index.php?mod=penelitian_detail&sub=PenelitianDetail&act=view&typ=html&buku_id=51423 |
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| Institution: | Universitas Gadjah Mada |
| Summary: | Waste from tanning industry contains chromium. Inappropriate waste
handling can cause environmental pollution because the waste is hazardous and
toxic materials, where the concentration of chromium in waste was 56314.026
ppm. Chromium waste has potential as stain on ceramic industry and been known
as chrome green. The objectives of research are to investigate leach ability of
immobilized chromium and to investigate the glaze quality and its characteristic.
The research was conducted according to the variation of the chromium
waste amount in the glaze mixture. The basic glaze composition was 35% of
feldspar, 35% of borax, 15% of kaolin and 15% of quartz sand. Chromium waste
as much as 0%, 15%, 30% and 45% was added to the basic glaze mixture. Glaze
was applied by brush on the surface of ceramic body and fired at 1100 °C for 8
hours.
Based on TCLP test, the concentration of chromium was ranging from 0
ppm - 2.960 ppm. The more chromium waste was added, the chromium
concentration increased. Based on tank leaching test, chromium concentration of
D sample in the leachate was very low, ranging from 0.08 ppm � 0.13 ppm. The
chromium concentration of TCLP and tank leaching test was lower than allowable
limit (5 ppm) according to Peraturan Pemerintah No 85/1999. It means the
immobilization of chromium was successful. The result of research showed that
the hardness of glaze was 8 of Mohs scale, 6 of Mohs scale, 5 of Mohs scale, and
4 of Mohs scale. The more percentage of chromium waste was added, the lower
hardness of glaze would be obtained. However, the hardness of each sample still
meet the quality standard of SNI 15-4249-1996, that is minimum 4 of Mohs scale.
The addition of chromium waste as much as 0%, 15%, 30% and 45% resulted
variations of green colour. The more chromium waste was added, the green colour
of glaze was darker. |
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