Management of tomato damping-off using natural plant extracts, Trichoderma harzianum and selected fungicides in Penjween, Sulaimani Governorate, Kurdistan, Iraq
Tomato seedlings were found epidemically infected with damping-off disease at four locations (Kanimasyan, Kanishaban, Kanisev and Qzlja), in Penjween, Sulaimani Governorate, Kurdistan, Iraq during May 2011. The highest occurrence of disease incidence was observed in Kanimasyan (56%). Fusarium oxys...
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| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Malaysian Society of Applied Biology
2016
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| Online Access: | http://journalarticle.ukm.my/11797/1/45_1_04.pdf http://journalarticle.ukm.my/11797/ http://www.mabjournal.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=555&catid=59:current-view&Itemid=56 |
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| Institution: | Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia |
| Language: | English |
| Summary: | Tomato seedlings were found epidemically infected with damping-off disease at four locations (Kanimasyan, Kanishaban,
Kanisev and Qzlja), in Penjween, Sulaimani Governorate, Kurdistan, Iraq during May 2011. The highest occurrence of
disease incidence was observed in Kanimasyan (56%). Fusarium oxysporum (Schlecht), F. solani (Mart.) Sacc., F. acuminatum
(Ell. and Ev.), F. equiseti (Corda) Sacc., F. compactum, Rhizoctonia solani (Kuhn), Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid.,
Phoma lycopersici (Kleb), and Cephalosporium sp. were isolated from the infected plants and proved pathogenicity on tomato
seeds (cv. Super Queen). Fusarium oxysporum and R. solani showed the highest level of seedling damping-off, with largest
effect on decreasing the quality of seedling's vigor. Extracts of H. triquetrifolium, E. billardieri and C. rotundus at (20, 30,
40, 45 mg ml-¹) showed inhibitory effect on the mycelial growth of all pathogenic fungi. In vitro plant extract of C. rotundus
revealed the highest inhibitory effects on fungal growth at 45 mg ml-¹. Fungicide of Keenol at 50 ppm proved to be chemostatic
against all pathogens. T. harzianum appeared to be an important antagonistic agent against mycelial growth. Management of
the disease was carried out in greenhouse using (H. triquetrifolium, Vitavax 200, T. harzianum and Keenol). It was found
that the combination of (H. triquetrifolium + keenol) and (T. harzianum + H. triquetrifolium) showed impressive effects on
plant height, dry and fresh weight when compared to the other treatments and control. |
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