INVERSE VULCANIZATION OF COPOLYMERS FOR SLOW-RELEASE UREA FERTILIZERS: SYNTHESIS, PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS AND REGRESSION MODELLING

Inverse vulcanized copolymers made of high sulfur content and vegetable oils are green and sustainable polymers produced using a solvent free method. However, the copolymers produced using edible oils are expensive due to demand in the food market. Therefore, to overcome these limitations, utiliz...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Author: MANZOOR GHUMMAN, ALI SHAAN
Format: Thesis
Language:English
Published: 2021
Subjects:
Online Access:http://utpedia.utp.edu.my/22762/1/ALI%20SHAAN%20MANZOOR%20GHUMMAN%2019001079.pdf
http://utpedia.utp.edu.my/22762/
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Institution: Universiti Teknologi Petronas
Language: English
id my-utp-utpedia.22762
record_format eprints
spelling my-utp-utpedia.227622022-02-27T04:32:06Z http://utpedia.utp.edu.my/22762/ INVERSE VULCANIZATION OF COPOLYMERS FOR SLOW-RELEASE UREA FERTILIZERS: SYNTHESIS, PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS AND REGRESSION MODELLING MANZOOR GHUMMAN, ALI SHAAN TP Chemical technology Inverse vulcanized copolymers made of high sulfur content and vegetable oils are green and sustainable polymers produced using a solvent free method. However, the copolymers produced using edible oils are expensive due to demand in the food market. Therefore, to overcome these limitations, utilization of non-edible oil as comonomer is highly recommended. The main objective of this study is to develop slow-release fertilizer using inverse vulcanized copolymers to enhance the utilization of sulfate by plant, improve the efficacy of nutrient uptake and reduce the environmental impact, with better sulfate release performance and good bio-degradation capability. In this study, rubber seed oil was used as a monomer to produce sulfur enriched copolymer and optimization of the reaction condition was carried out to minimize the amount of the unreacted sulfur using response surface methodology. The copolymer produced was then characterized using FTIR, TGA, DSC, SEM, and p-XRD. Two types of slowrelease fertilizers were then prepared: slow-release urea matrices by mixing in-situ the pre-polymer with powdered urea and slow-release coated urea by coating the urea granules with the copolymer. The copolymer produced under optimized conditions (164C reaction temperature, 50.57 wt% of sulfur and 73.67 mins reaction time) significantly increased the sulfur conversion to 94.2%. ANOVA showed a coefficient of correlation (R2) of 0.9690, F-value of 87.44, and p-value of <0.0001, which shows the goodness of the quadratic model developed. The nutrient release performance of the slow-release fertilizers was evaluated in distilled water. The slow-release matrices released >75% of its total nutrients in 21 days of incubation, whereas the coated urea released was only 37%. Ritger-Peppas law best fit the kinetic release data and explained that the best samples follow a non-Fickian diffusion mechanism. The copolymer produced under optimized conditions also demonstrated better sulfur oxidation than elemental sulfur as no sudden drop in sulfate release was found during submerged cultivation. The soil burial test revealed the bio-degradability of the copolymer with almost 38% weight loss in 90 days. 2021-11 Thesis NonPeerReviewed application/pdf en http://utpedia.utp.edu.my/22762/1/ALI%20SHAAN%20MANZOOR%20GHUMMAN%2019001079.pdf MANZOOR GHUMMAN, ALI SHAAN (2021) INVERSE VULCANIZATION OF COPOLYMERS FOR SLOW-RELEASE UREA FERTILIZERS: SYNTHESIS, PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS AND REGRESSION MODELLING. Masters thesis, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS.
institution Universiti Teknologi Petronas
building UTP Resource Centre
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Teknologi Petronas
content_source UTP Electronic and Digitized Intellectual Asset
url_provider http://utpedia.utp.edu.my/
language English
topic TP Chemical technology
spellingShingle TP Chemical technology
MANZOOR GHUMMAN, ALI SHAAN
INVERSE VULCANIZATION OF COPOLYMERS FOR SLOW-RELEASE UREA FERTILIZERS: SYNTHESIS, PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS AND REGRESSION MODELLING
description Inverse vulcanized copolymers made of high sulfur content and vegetable oils are green and sustainable polymers produced using a solvent free method. However, the copolymers produced using edible oils are expensive due to demand in the food market. Therefore, to overcome these limitations, utilization of non-edible oil as comonomer is highly recommended. The main objective of this study is to develop slow-release fertilizer using inverse vulcanized copolymers to enhance the utilization of sulfate by plant, improve the efficacy of nutrient uptake and reduce the environmental impact, with better sulfate release performance and good bio-degradation capability. In this study, rubber seed oil was used as a monomer to produce sulfur enriched copolymer and optimization of the reaction condition was carried out to minimize the amount of the unreacted sulfur using response surface methodology. The copolymer produced was then characterized using FTIR, TGA, DSC, SEM, and p-XRD. Two types of slowrelease fertilizers were then prepared: slow-release urea matrices by mixing in-situ the pre-polymer with powdered urea and slow-release coated urea by coating the urea granules with the copolymer. The copolymer produced under optimized conditions (164C reaction temperature, 50.57 wt% of sulfur and 73.67 mins reaction time) significantly increased the sulfur conversion to 94.2%. ANOVA showed a coefficient of correlation (R2) of 0.9690, F-value of 87.44, and p-value of <0.0001, which shows the goodness of the quadratic model developed. The nutrient release performance of the slow-release fertilizers was evaluated in distilled water. The slow-release matrices released >75% of its total nutrients in 21 days of incubation, whereas the coated urea released was only 37%. Ritger-Peppas law best fit the kinetic release data and explained that the best samples follow a non-Fickian diffusion mechanism. The copolymer produced under optimized conditions also demonstrated better sulfur oxidation than elemental sulfur as no sudden drop in sulfate release was found during submerged cultivation. The soil burial test revealed the bio-degradability of the copolymer with almost 38% weight loss in 90 days.
format Thesis
author MANZOOR GHUMMAN, ALI SHAAN
author_facet MANZOOR GHUMMAN, ALI SHAAN
author_sort MANZOOR GHUMMAN, ALI SHAAN
title INVERSE VULCANIZATION OF COPOLYMERS FOR SLOW-RELEASE UREA FERTILIZERS: SYNTHESIS, PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS AND REGRESSION MODELLING
title_short INVERSE VULCANIZATION OF COPOLYMERS FOR SLOW-RELEASE UREA FERTILIZERS: SYNTHESIS, PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS AND REGRESSION MODELLING
title_full INVERSE VULCANIZATION OF COPOLYMERS FOR SLOW-RELEASE UREA FERTILIZERS: SYNTHESIS, PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS AND REGRESSION MODELLING
title_fullStr INVERSE VULCANIZATION OF COPOLYMERS FOR SLOW-RELEASE UREA FERTILIZERS: SYNTHESIS, PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS AND REGRESSION MODELLING
title_full_unstemmed INVERSE VULCANIZATION OF COPOLYMERS FOR SLOW-RELEASE UREA FERTILIZERS: SYNTHESIS, PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS AND REGRESSION MODELLING
title_sort inverse vulcanization of copolymers for slow-release urea fertilizers: synthesis, performance analysis and regression modelling
publishDate 2021
url http://utpedia.utp.edu.my/22762/1/ALI%20SHAAN%20MANZOOR%20GHUMMAN%2019001079.pdf
http://utpedia.utp.edu.my/22762/
_version_ 1739832987011252224