DEVELOPING FORWARD MATHEMATICAL MODELS FOR SEABED LOGGING USING COMSOL

• Main Author: Othman Zaki, Muhammad Ridhwan Bin
• Format: Final Year Project
• Language: English
• Published: Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS 2012
• Subjects: TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering
• Online Access: http://utpedia.utp.edu.my/3749/1/11399_Developing_Forward_Mathematical_Model_for_Seabed_Logging_using_COMSOL_software_%28Final_Report%29.pdf; http://utpedia.utp.edu.my/3749/
• Institution: Universiti Teknologi Petronas

Hydrocarbon exploration or known as oil and gas exploration is the search by petroleum geologist for hydrocarbon deposits beneath the Earth’s surface such as oil and gas. Hydrocarbon exploration is needed before drilling to locate the location of the hydrocarbon. At sea level, there are various methods used for hydrocarbon exploration which are Seismic and Control Source Electromagnetic (CSEM) methods. Seismic method is using sound waves to explore geological structures underneath seabed in search for hydrocarbon. There are two types of seismic method which are refraction and reflection method. Both techniques are used in pair to visualize the earth structure. However, there is a problem using the seismic method which is the method cannot differentiate between the water, hydrocarbon and sediments. In order to overcome the problem, Seabed Logging is introduced. Seabed Logging (SBL) is a technique that utilizes the use of Electromagnetic (EM) waves. The EM waves from the antenna will propagate signals to reservoir depths where the difference in resistivity levels of different regions under the seafloor will help to determine possible oil wells for future exploration. Even though SBL is more preferable than Seismic because of its ability to differentiate between the water, hydrocarbon and sediments, the cost factor is the main reason why SBL is used as a compliment to Seismic Method. Exploring for hydrocarbon is also risky as anything can happen during the exploration. Therefore, the purpose of this project is to is to construct a 3D seabed model that later will be used to develop a forward mathematical method that can be used to determine the depths of the reservoir using different kind of frequencies.