Callus induction and identification of DNA variation in callus derived from Etlingera elatior in vitro culture using ISSR marker

• Main Authors: Mohd Rosli, Norsalsabila, Meenakshi Sundram, Tamil Chelvan, Zainuddin, Zarina, Midin, Mohd Razik, Yunus, Muhamad Fahmi
• Format: Proceeding Paper
• Language: English; English; English
• Published: 2023
• Subjects: QK Botany; S Agriculture (General); SB Plant culture
• Online Access: http://irep.iium.edu.my/107467/13/107467_Callus%20induction%20and%20identification%20of%20DNA%20variation.pdf; http://irep.iium.edu.my/107467/14/107467_Callus%20induction%20and%20identification%20of%20DNA%20variation_booklet.pdf; http://irep.iium.edu.my/107467/30/107467_Callus%20induction%20and%20identification%20of%20DNA%20variation_supplemental.pdf; http://irep.iium.edu.my/107467/; https://centre.iium.edu.my/cps/postgraduate-colloquium-2023/
• Institution: Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Malaysia

Etlingera elatior or torch ginger is a promising horticultural plant with various economic values that has been used for medicinal, culinary, and ornamental purposes in many countries. The extravagant and showy inflorescence has made E. elatior a valuable plant that can be used for cut flower and floral decoration. However, the plant itself lack of genetic variety with narrow genetic base due to its nature as an asexual propagated plant. To overcome this problem, somaclonal variation arises from the in vitro culture can be used to overcome the lack of variation in E. elatior. Moreover, early detection of the variation in callus stage using ISSR markers will help to examine the genetic variability of the induced callus. For this project, an optimum sterilization technique with contamination rate of 5% has been successfully developed. Furthermore, white friable calli were successfully developed from the innermost part of young closed buds. The results showed that the Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 30 g/L glucose, 3 mg/L 2, 4-D and 1.5 mg/L BAP has the highest percentage of callus induction (50%) after 20 weeks of culture. The calli were transferred into shoot induction media with different concentrations of BAP, NAA and TDZ. The calli from the 11 different media were evaluated for their genetic variations by seven primers of ISSR markers. A total of 72 bands were generated of which 51 were polymorphic with mean percentage of polymorphic bands was 72%. From our results, the calli were affected by various concentrations of auxin and cytokinin for callus and shoot induction treatments. In short, ISSR marker successfully revealed the occurrence of genetic variations in the induced callus. Even though, no in vitro shoots were successfully regenerated, this study revealed that there is a potential to generate new variants through in vitro culture.