Bitter Cassava’s media composition screening experiment for maximizing callus formation frequency using Plackett Burnman design

• Main Authors: Abu Ubaidah, Afiq Syazwan, Mohamad Puad, Noor Illi, Azmi, Azlin Suhaida, Ahmad Nor, Yusilawati, Hamzah, Fazlena, Mohd Sofri, Nur Syazwani Nadhirah
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: University Sultan Zainal Abidin 2024
• Subjects: SB Plant culture; TP248.13 Biotechnology
• Online Access: http://irep.iium.edu.my/113985/7/113985_Bitter%20Cassava%E2%80%99s%20media%20composition%20screening%20experiment.pdf; http://irep.iium.edu.my/113985/; https://journal.unisza.edu.my/agrobiotechnology/index.php/agrobiotechnology/article/view/360/364; https://doi.org/10.37231/jab.2024.15.1.360
• Institution: Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Malaysia

Cassava is one of the crucial plant species due to its various applications. Bitter cassava is a variety known to have a higher starch content than sweet ones. Even though many studies have conducted multiple investigations on the application of in vitro cassava propagation, no studies have focused on exploring the possibility of initiating cassava from different types of explants, basal media, carbon sources, and plant growth regulators (PGRs). This present study aimed to screen various factors that significantly affect the growth of cassava calli and its formation frequency using Plackett Burmann in Design Expert v13 software. The screened factors include basal media (Murashige and Skoog, MS and Gamborg B5), carbon sources (sucrose, glucose, and maltose), and plant growth regulators: auxin (2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4-D and 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid, NAA) and cytokinin (6-Benzylaminopurine, BAP and kinetin) and the explants were cultivated for nine days. Gamborg B5 responded better to the callus formation frequency than MS. Among the different carbon sources, sucrose affected cassava callus formation significantly. 2,4-D was the main factor for callus formation, while both kinetin and BAP had a negative response to the callus formation. NAA also positively affected callus formation but was not as significant as 2,4-D. Between the different types of cassava explant used, the petiole formed the most stable callus formation frequency (84.52 %), followed by stem (82.14 %) and leaf (75.00 %). Run 7, 10, and 11 successfully induced callus from all explants with full-strength Gamborg B5, 4 mg/L 2,4-D, and 30 g/L sucrose. Most calli formed a compact structured callus except for the media with the combination of MS and Gamborg B5, which produced friable typed callus. To conclude, for different tested types of basal media, carbon sources, and PGRs, Gamborg B5, sucrose, and 2,4-D were the most significant factors that affect cassava callus formation.