Minimum bactericidal and fungicidal activity of theobromine on Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans

• Main Authors: Gazaini, Ashraf Adily, Mohd Ali, Azrul Safuan, Syed Bakhtiar Ariffin, Syed Bazli Alwi, Arzmi, Mohd Hafiz
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia 2024
• Subjects: QR180 Immunology; RK Dentistry; RS403 Materia Medica-Pharmaceutical Chemistry
• Online Access: http://irep.iium.edu.my/114295/7/114291_%20Minimum%20bactericidal%20and%20fungicidal.pdf; http://irep.iium.edu.my/114295/; https://journals.iium.edu.my/ijahs/index.php/IJAHS/issue/view/35
• Institution: Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Malaysia

PURPOSE:Theobromine is an active compound isolated from Theobroma cacao(cacao).Even though it is known to be safe, however, the efficacy in orthodontic applications has remained unknown. Thus, this study aims to determine the effect of theobromine on C. albicans and. S. mutans that are majorly isolated from white spot lesion.METHOD:C. albicans (ATCC MYA-4901) and S. mutans (Ingbritt) were grown in yeast peptone dextrose (YPD) and brain heart infusion (BHI) broth, respectively, at 37ºC for 24 h.The microorganism was then standardized at OD620nm 0.1, equivalent to 106cells/mL and 107cells/mL of C. albicansand S. mutans,respectively.A total of 60 μL of inoculum, 60 μL of 1 g/mL of theobromine, and 60 μL of broth were pipetted into the well, and 60 μL microorganism was inoculated to 96-well plate.The theobromine was subjected to serial dilution to give a total concentration of 50% (v/v), 25% (v/v), 12.5% (v/v) and 6.25% (v/v).Finally, the plate was incubated at 37ºC for 24 h, and the OD was measured using a spectrophotometer.RESULTS:The minimum inhibitory concentration of C. albicans and S. mutans towards theobromine was observed at 500 mg/mL for both microorganisms.Furthermore, the microorganisms were also found to be susceptible to CHX.CONCLUSION:In conclusion, theobromine inhibited C. albicans and S. mutans, thus potentially be used for orthodontic application.