Using bootstrapped quantile regression analysis for small sample research in applied linguistics: Some methodological considerations

Quantitative applied linguistics research often takes place in restricted settings of an intact language classroom, workplace, phonetics laboratory or longitudinal sample. In such settings the samples tend to be small, which raises several methodological problems. The main aim of the current paper i...

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Main Authors: Nikitina, Larisa, Paidi, Rohayati, Furuoka, Fumitaka
Format: Article
Published: Public Library of Science 2019
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Online Access:http://eprints.um.edu.my/23830/
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0210668
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spelling my.um.eprints.238302020-02-19T01:16:30Z http://eprints.um.edu.my/23830/ Using bootstrapped quantile regression analysis for small sample research in applied linguistics: Some methodological considerations Nikitina, Larisa Paidi, Rohayati Furuoka, Fumitaka P Philology. Linguistics Quantitative applied linguistics research often takes place in restricted settings of an intact language classroom, workplace, phonetics laboratory or longitudinal sample. In such settings the samples tend to be small, which raises several methodological problems. The main aim of the current paper is to give a detailed explanation of methodological and practical implications inherent in a robust statistical method called bootstrapped quantile regression (BQR) analysis. Importantly for applied linguistics research, the BQR method could help to deal with methodological difficulties inherent in small sample studies. The current study employed a moderately small sample (N = 27) of students learning the Japanese language in a Malaysian public university. It examined the relationships between the students’ language learning motivation (specifically, integrative orientation), the students’ images or stereotypes about Japan and their global attitudes toward the target language country and its people. The findings indicated that there was a statistically significant relationship between the students’ attitudes toward the target language country and their integrative orientation. In addition, these attitudes were found to be the most constant determinant of the integrative orientation. Besides the applied linguistics research, the BQR method can be used in a variety of the human sciences research where a sample size is small. © 2019 Nikitina et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Public Library of Science 2019 Article PeerReviewed Nikitina, Larisa and Paidi, Rohayati and Furuoka, Fumitaka (2019) Using bootstrapped quantile regression analysis for small sample research in applied linguistics: Some methodological considerations. PLoS ONE, 14 (1). e0210668. ISSN 1932-6203 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0210668 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0210668
institution Universiti Malaya
building UM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Malaya
content_source UM Research Repository
url_provider http://eprints.um.edu.my/
topic P Philology. Linguistics
spellingShingle P Philology. Linguistics
Nikitina, Larisa
Paidi, Rohayati
Furuoka, Fumitaka
Using bootstrapped quantile regression analysis for small sample research in applied linguistics: Some methodological considerations
description Quantitative applied linguistics research often takes place in restricted settings of an intact language classroom, workplace, phonetics laboratory or longitudinal sample. In such settings the samples tend to be small, which raises several methodological problems. The main aim of the current paper is to give a detailed explanation of methodological and practical implications inherent in a robust statistical method called bootstrapped quantile regression (BQR) analysis. Importantly for applied linguistics research, the BQR method could help to deal with methodological difficulties inherent in small sample studies. The current study employed a moderately small sample (N = 27) of students learning the Japanese language in a Malaysian public university. It examined the relationships between the students’ language learning motivation (specifically, integrative orientation), the students’ images or stereotypes about Japan and their global attitudes toward the target language country and its people. The findings indicated that there was a statistically significant relationship between the students’ attitudes toward the target language country and their integrative orientation. In addition, these attitudes were found to be the most constant determinant of the integrative orientation. Besides the applied linguistics research, the BQR method can be used in a variety of the human sciences research where a sample size is small. © 2019 Nikitina et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
format Article
author Nikitina, Larisa
Paidi, Rohayati
Furuoka, Fumitaka
author_facet Nikitina, Larisa
Paidi, Rohayati
Furuoka, Fumitaka
author_sort Nikitina, Larisa
title Using bootstrapped quantile regression analysis for small sample research in applied linguistics: Some methodological considerations
title_short Using bootstrapped quantile regression analysis for small sample research in applied linguistics: Some methodological considerations
title_full Using bootstrapped quantile regression analysis for small sample research in applied linguistics: Some methodological considerations
title_fullStr Using bootstrapped quantile regression analysis for small sample research in applied linguistics: Some methodological considerations
title_full_unstemmed Using bootstrapped quantile regression analysis for small sample research in applied linguistics: Some methodological considerations
title_sort using bootstrapped quantile regression analysis for small sample research in applied linguistics: some methodological considerations
publisher Public Library of Science
publishDate 2019
url http://eprints.um.edu.my/23830/
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0210668
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