Spectrum sensing challenges & their solutions in cognitive radio based vehicular networks

• Main Authors: Hossain, Mohammad Asif, Md Noor, Rafidah, Azzuhri, Saaidal Razalli, Z'aba, Muhammad Reza, Ahmedy, Ismail, Yau, Kok-Lim Alvin, Chembe, Christopher
• Format: Article
• Published: Wiley 2021
• Subjects: TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General); TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering
• Online Access: http://eprints.um.edu.my/28845/
• Institution: Universiti Malaya

Vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) has been established to mitigate road collisions and traffic congestion and provide infotainment facilities to users. Allocated channels to VANET, which is the DSRC (Dedicated Short-Range Communication), are not adequate for the full implementation of VANET. Cognitive radio (CR) can be used to alleviate this issue. CR is a programmable and intelligent radio system capable of reaching various frequency ranges. CR needs to conduct spectrum sensing to get these bands. A vehicle fitted with a CR can sense the licensed spectrum to locate the vacant spectrum (which is not used by any licensed user) when the DSRC is wholly occupied. Compared to other CR networks, VANET faces specific additional difficulties related to spectrum sensing, such as periodic topological shifts due to high-speed mobility, multipath fading and shadowing issues, and heterogeneous quality of service (QoS) specifications. This paper explains these problems in depth. All the problems and issues were explored from the perspective of the CR focused on VANET. Probable ideas and directions to overcome these problems have also been presented. We have provided a conceptual framework for spectrum sensing. The framework resolves a variety of issues and concerns that are discussed in the paper. It gives much better results than conventional sensing techniques.