Cultural adaptation and validation of the Malay Chronic Kidney Disease Self-management instrument (MCKD-SM)

• Main Authors: Al Sawad, Ayat Ali, Lim, Soo Kun, Tang, Li Yoong, Rashid, Aneesa Abdul, Chew, Boon-How
• Format: Article
• Published: BioMed Central 2022
• Subjects: R Medicine (General)
• Online Access: http://eprints.um.edu.my/40265/
• Institution: Universiti Malaya

Background: There is growing evidence that self-management behaviour can improve outcomes for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, no measures are available in Malay to effectively assess the self-management of CKD. The aim of this study was to translate, culturally adapt and validate the Malay Chronic Kidney Disease Self-Management (MCKD-SM) instrument for Malay-speaking health professionals and patients. Methods: This study was carried out in two phases: the translation and cultural adaptation phase and the validation phase. The instrument was translated from English to Malay and then adapted and validated in a sample of 337 patients with CKD stages 3-4 attending a nephrology clinic in a tertiary hospital in Malaysia. Structural validity was evaluated by exploratory factor analysis. The instrument's reliability was assessed by internal consistency and test-retest reliability. The correlations between the MCKD-SM and kidney disease knowledge and the MCKD-SM and self-efficacy were hypothesised a priori and investigated. Results: The MCKD-SM instrument has 29 items grouped into three factors: `Understanding and Managing My CKD', `Seeking Support' and `Adherence to Recommended Regimen'. The three factors accounted for 56.3% of the total variance. Each factor showed acceptable internal reliability, with Cronbach's alpha from 0.885 to 0.960. The two-week intra-rater test-retest reliability intraclass correlation coefficient values for all items ranged between 0.938 and 1.000. The MCKD-SM scores significantly correlated with kidney disease knowledge (r = 0.366, p < 0.01) and self-efficacy (r = 0.212, p < 0.01). Conclusion: The MCKD-SM was found to be a valid and reliable patient-reported outcome measure of pre-dialysis CKD self-management behaviour in the Malay-speaking population.