Enhanced long cycle life stability and high storage reversible capacity retention of a sodium vanadate zinc glass-ceramic network

• Main Authors: Katta, Vamsi Krishna, Katari, Naresh Kumar, Dutta, Dimple P., Mohd Sabri, Mohd Faizul, Ravuri, Balaji Rao
• Format: Article
• Published: American Chemical Society 2022
• Subjects: TP Chemical technology
• Online Access: http://eprints.um.edu.my/41973/
• Institution: Universiti Malaya

This investigation records on a sodium vanadate oxide glass anode network mixed with zinc oxide nanocrystallites by heat treatment between Tg and Tc for different schedules. The glass anode sample is prepared with high-energy ball milling using the formula (37.5Na(2)O-62.5V(2)O(5))((100-x)):ZnOx (x = 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 mol %, labeled as Zn-x). Clear formation of nanocrystalline grains after heat treating the Zn20 glass anode for 15 h (Zn-20-15h) supports the highest diffusion of Na+ ions. The specific discharge and charge capacities are recorded to be 380/ 370 (0 h), 394/381 (5 h), 427/420 (10 h), 444/439 (15 h), and 419/408 (20 h) mA h/g for different heat treating schedules. It is also worth noting that the initial charge and discharge capacities of the Zn-20 glass-ceramic anode sample (after heat treatment) are higher than those of the corresponding glass sample (before heat treatment) but recorded to be the highest for the 15 h heat treating schedule compared with other schedules. The cycling behavior of the Zn-20-15h glass-ceramic anode at 4000 mA/g displays longer cycle life stability and high rate capability along with Coulombic efficiency and relatively fast electronic and ionic conductivity even up to 3000 cycles.