Effects of squatting speed and depth on lower extremity kinematics, kinetics and energetics

• Main Authors: Chan, Chow-Khuen, Hamzaid, Nur Azah, Yeow, Chen-Hua, Goh, Sim-Kuan, Ting, Hua-Nong, Karman, Salmah
• Format: Article
• Published: 2022
• Subjects: QC Physics; TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)
• Online Access: http://eprints.um.edu.my/41986/
• Institution: Universiti Malaya

Squatting has received considerable attention in sports and is commonly utilized in daily activities. Knowledge of the squatting biomechanics in terms of its speed and depth may enhance exercise selection when targeting for sport-specific performance improvement and injury avoidance. Nonetheless, these perspectives have not been consistently reported. Hence, this preliminary study intends to quantify the kinematics, kinetics, and energetics in squat with different depths and speeds among healthy young adults with different physical activity levels; i.e., between active and sedentary groups. Twenty participants were administered to squat at varying depths (deep, normal, and half) and speeds (fast, normal, and slow). Motion-capture system and force plates were employed to acquire motion trajectories and ground reaction force. Joint moment was obtained via inverse dynamics, while power was derived as a product of moment and angular velocity. Higher speeds and deeper squats greatly influence higher joint moments and powers at the hip (p < 0.05) and knee (p < 0.05) than ankle, signifying these joints as the prime movers with knee as the predominant contributor. These preliminary findings show that the knee-strategy and hip-strategy were employed in compensating speed and depth manipulations during squatting. In certain contexts, appreciating these findings may provide clinically relevant implications, from the performance and injury avoidance viewpoint, which will ameliorate the physical activity level of practitioners.