Toxicity of Malaysian Medicinal Plant Extracts against Sitophilus oryzae and Rhyzopertha dominica

• Main Authors: Hematpoor, Arshia, Liew, Sook Yee, Omar, Hasmahzaiti, Shilpi, Jamil Ahmad, Zahari, Azeana, Syamsir, Devi Rosmy, Salleh, Haslinda Mohd, Tohar, Norsita, Kim, Rosalind Pei Theng, Qureshi, Ahmad Kaleem, Nasrullah, Ayu Afiqah, Chan, Gomathi, Tiong, Soon Huat, Hamdi, Omer Abdalla Ahmed, Othman, Muhammad Remy, Leong, Sow Tein, Awang, Khalijah, Mawi, Masdah, Asib, Norhayu
• Format: Article
• Published: Universiti Putra Malaysia 2022
• Subjects: S Agriculture (General)
• Online Access: http://eprints.um.edu.my/43709/
• Institution: Universiti Malaya

The insecticidal activities of extracts from 22 Malaysian medicinal plant extracts from 8 botanical families were tested against rice weevil: Sitophilus oryzae (L.) and lesser grain borer: Rhyzopertha dominica (F.). The extracts were obtained using hexane, methanol, and dichloromethane to extract potential biopesticides from dried leaves. The toxicity levels were examined periodically based on antifeedant activity and contact toxicity assays using treated grain assay. Hexane extracts of Alpinia conchigera, Alpinia scabra, Curcuma mangga, Curcuma purpurascens, Goniothalamus tapisoides, Piper sarmentosum, and methanol extracts of Curcuma aeruginosa, C. mangga, and Mitragyna speciosa were the most potent extracts against S. oryzae and R. dominica with lethal concentration (LC50) values of ≤ 0.42 mg/mL and ≤ 0.49 mg/mL, respectively. The contact toxicity test results showed that methanol extracts of C. aeruginosa and C. mangga, dichloromethane extracts of Cryptocarya nigra, and hexane extracts of C. mangga, and C. purpurascens resulted in 100 mortality of both pests within 28 days exposure of 5 mg/cm2 concentration. © Universiti Putra Malaysia Press.