Flavonoid diversity and roles in the lipopolysaccharide-mediated inflammatory response of monocytes and macrophages

• Main Authors: Rullah, Kamal, Shamsudin, Nur Farisya, Koeberle, Andreas, Tham, Chau Ling, Fasihi Mohd Aluwi, Mohd Fadhlizil, Leong, Sze-Wei, Jantan, Ibrahim, Lam, Kok Wai
• Format: Article
• Published: Newlands Press Ltd 2024
• Subjects: QD Chemistry; RM Therapeutics. Pharmacology; RS Pharmacy and materia medica
• Online Access: http://eprints.um.edu.my/45796/; https://doi.org/10.4155/fmc-2023-0174
• Institution: Universiti Malaya

Targeting lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/toll-like receptor 4 signaling in mononuclear phagocytes has been explored for the treatment of inflammation and inflammation-related disorders. However, only a few key targets have been translated into clinical applications. Flavonoids, a class of ubiquitous plant secondary metabolites, possess a privileged scaffold which serves as a valuable template for designing pharmacologically active compounds directed against diseases with inflammatory components. This perspective provides a general overview of the diversity of flavonoids and their multifaceted mechanisms that interfere with LPS-induced signaling in monocytes and macrophages. Focus is placed on flavonoids targetingMD-2, I kappa B kinases, c-Jun N-terminal kinases, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p38 MAPK and PI3K/Akt or modulating LPS-related gene expression. GRAPHICS] .