Carbonised Human Hair Incorporated in Agar/KGM Bioscaffold for Tissue Engineering Application: Fabrication and Characterisation

Carbon derived from biomass waste usage is rising in various fields of application due to its availability, cost-effectiveness, and sustainability, but it remains limited in tissue engineering applications. Carbon derived from human hair waste was selected to fabricate a carbon-based bioscaffold (CH...

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Main Authors: Vitus, Vieralynda, Ibrahim, Fatimah, Shamsuddin, Shamsul Azlin Ahmad, Razali, Nuguelis, Noor Azlan, Noor Anastasha Balqis, Zaman, Wan Safwani Wan Kamarul
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Published: MDPI 2022
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Online Access:http://eprints.um.edu.my/46143/
https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14245489
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Institution: Universiti Malaya
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spelling my.um.eprints.461432024-10-29T06:48:46Z http://eprints.um.edu.my/46143/ Carbonised Human Hair Incorporated in Agar/KGM Bioscaffold for Tissue Engineering Application: Fabrication and Characterisation Vitus, Vieralynda Ibrahim, Fatimah Shamsuddin, Shamsul Azlin Ahmad Razali, Nuguelis Noor Azlan, Noor Anastasha Balqis Zaman, Wan Safwani Wan Kamarul S Agriculture (General) T Technology (General) Carbon derived from biomass waste usage is rising in various fields of application due to its availability, cost-effectiveness, and sustainability, but it remains limited in tissue engineering applications. Carbon derived from human hair waste was selected to fabricate a carbon-based bioscaffold (CHAK) due to its ease of collection and inexpensive synthesis procedure. The CHAK was fabricated via gelation, rapid freezing, and ethanol immersion and characterised based on their morphology, porosity, Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR), tensile strength, swelling ability, degradability, electrical conductivity, and biocompatibility using Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJMSCs). The addition of carbon reduced the porosity of the bioscaffold. Via FTIR analysis, the combination of carbon, agar, and KGM was compatible. Among the CHAK, the 3HC bioscaffold displayed the highest tensile strength (62.35 +/- 29.12 kPa). The CHAK also showed excellent swelling and water uptake capability. All bioscaffolds demonstrated a slow degradability rate (<50%) after 28 days of incubation, while the electrical conductivity analysis showed that the 3AHC bioscaffold had the highest conductivity compared to other CHAK bioscaffolds. Our findings also showed that the CHAK bioscaffolds were biocompatible with WJMSCs. These findings showed that the CHAK bioscaffolds have potential as bioscaffolds for tissue engineering applications. MDPI 2022-12 Article PeerReviewed Vitus, Vieralynda and Ibrahim, Fatimah and Shamsuddin, Shamsul Azlin Ahmad and Razali, Nuguelis and Noor Azlan, Noor Anastasha Balqis and Zaman, Wan Safwani Wan Kamarul (2022) Carbonised Human Hair Incorporated in Agar/KGM Bioscaffold for Tissue Engineering Application: Fabrication and Characterisation. POLYMERS, 14 (24). ISSN 2073-4360, DOI https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14245489 <https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14245489>. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14245489 10.3390/polym14245489
institution Universiti Malaya
building UM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Malaya
content_source UM Research Repository
url_provider http://eprints.um.edu.my/
topic S Agriculture (General)
T Technology (General)
spellingShingle S Agriculture (General)
T Technology (General)
Vitus, Vieralynda
Ibrahim, Fatimah
Shamsuddin, Shamsul Azlin Ahmad
Razali, Nuguelis
Noor Azlan, Noor Anastasha Balqis
Zaman, Wan Safwani Wan Kamarul
Carbonised Human Hair Incorporated in Agar/KGM Bioscaffold for Tissue Engineering Application: Fabrication and Characterisation
description Carbon derived from biomass waste usage is rising in various fields of application due to its availability, cost-effectiveness, and sustainability, but it remains limited in tissue engineering applications. Carbon derived from human hair waste was selected to fabricate a carbon-based bioscaffold (CHAK) due to its ease of collection and inexpensive synthesis procedure. The CHAK was fabricated via gelation, rapid freezing, and ethanol immersion and characterised based on their morphology, porosity, Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR), tensile strength, swelling ability, degradability, electrical conductivity, and biocompatibility using Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJMSCs). The addition of carbon reduced the porosity of the bioscaffold. Via FTIR analysis, the combination of carbon, agar, and KGM was compatible. Among the CHAK, the 3HC bioscaffold displayed the highest tensile strength (62.35 +/- 29.12 kPa). The CHAK also showed excellent swelling and water uptake capability. All bioscaffolds demonstrated a slow degradability rate (<50%) after 28 days of incubation, while the electrical conductivity analysis showed that the 3AHC bioscaffold had the highest conductivity compared to other CHAK bioscaffolds. Our findings also showed that the CHAK bioscaffolds were biocompatible with WJMSCs. These findings showed that the CHAK bioscaffolds have potential as bioscaffolds for tissue engineering applications.
format Article
author Vitus, Vieralynda
Ibrahim, Fatimah
Shamsuddin, Shamsul Azlin Ahmad
Razali, Nuguelis
Noor Azlan, Noor Anastasha Balqis
Zaman, Wan Safwani Wan Kamarul
author_facet Vitus, Vieralynda
Ibrahim, Fatimah
Shamsuddin, Shamsul Azlin Ahmad
Razali, Nuguelis
Noor Azlan, Noor Anastasha Balqis
Zaman, Wan Safwani Wan Kamarul
author_sort Vitus, Vieralynda
title Carbonised Human Hair Incorporated in Agar/KGM Bioscaffold for Tissue Engineering Application: Fabrication and Characterisation
title_short Carbonised Human Hair Incorporated in Agar/KGM Bioscaffold for Tissue Engineering Application: Fabrication and Characterisation
title_full Carbonised Human Hair Incorporated in Agar/KGM Bioscaffold for Tissue Engineering Application: Fabrication and Characterisation
title_fullStr Carbonised Human Hair Incorporated in Agar/KGM Bioscaffold for Tissue Engineering Application: Fabrication and Characterisation
title_full_unstemmed Carbonised Human Hair Incorporated in Agar/KGM Bioscaffold for Tissue Engineering Application: Fabrication and Characterisation
title_sort carbonised human hair incorporated in agar/kgm bioscaffold for tissue engineering application: fabrication and characterisation
publisher MDPI
publishDate 2022
url http://eprints.um.edu.my/46143/
https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14245489
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