Improving gross motor skills of children through traditional games skills practiced along the contextual interference continuum

Gross motor skills (GMS) are the foundation for humans reaching an optimum level of motor competence necessary to undergo normal development, maintain health, and achieve athletic excellence. Yet, there is evidence that GMS levels of children are on a decline globally. Therefore, the main purpose of...

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Main Authors: Hussain, Bahar, Cheong, Jadeera Phaik Geok
Format: Article
Published: FRONTIERS MEDIA SA 2022
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Online Access:http://eprints.um.edu.my/46159/
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.986403
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Institution: Universiti Malaya
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spelling my.um.eprints.461592024-10-28T08:14:00Z http://eprints.um.edu.my/46159/ Improving gross motor skills of children through traditional games skills practiced along the contextual interference continuum Hussain, Bahar Cheong, Jadeera Phaik Geok RC1200 Sports Medicine Gross motor skills (GMS) are the foundation for humans reaching an optimum level of motor competence necessary to undergo normal development, maintain health, and achieve athletic excellence. Yet, there is evidence that GMS levels of children are on a decline globally. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of traditional cultural games (TCG) skills, practiced according to different amounts of contextual interference (CI), on the acquisition and retention of GMS. A total of 103 Pakistani primary school children aged between 7 and 10 years were recruited for this study. Participants were randomly assigned to four practice groups with different amounts of CI: Block (B) (low interference), gradually increasing (GI) (moderate interference), random (R) (high interference), and game-based (high interference). The Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD-2) was used to assess four tasks overhead throw (OT), underhand throw (UT), catch (C), and throwing to a target]. The test was administered on four occasions: during pre-test, post-test, retention, and transfer. The results showed that the R group outperformed all the other groups in the post-test and the retention test. Meanwhile, in the transfer test, both R and Game-Based groups performed better than the B and GI groups. There were no differences between the R and Game-Based groups during transfer. Practicing TCG skills according to a random order was better for the acquisition and learning of GMS. The CI effect was evident, whereby high interference practice schedules were superior to low and moderate interference practice schedules. FRONTIERS MEDIA SA 2022-11 Article PeerReviewed Hussain, Bahar and Cheong, Jadeera Phaik Geok (2022) Improving gross motor skills of children through traditional games skills practiced along the contextual interference continuum. FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY, 13. ISSN 1664-1078, DOI https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.986403 <https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.986403>. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.986403 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.986403
institution Universiti Malaya
building UM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Malaya
content_source UM Research Repository
url_provider http://eprints.um.edu.my/
topic RC1200 Sports Medicine
spellingShingle RC1200 Sports Medicine
Hussain, Bahar
Cheong, Jadeera Phaik Geok
Improving gross motor skills of children through traditional games skills practiced along the contextual interference continuum
description Gross motor skills (GMS) are the foundation for humans reaching an optimum level of motor competence necessary to undergo normal development, maintain health, and achieve athletic excellence. Yet, there is evidence that GMS levels of children are on a decline globally. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of traditional cultural games (TCG) skills, practiced according to different amounts of contextual interference (CI), on the acquisition and retention of GMS. A total of 103 Pakistani primary school children aged between 7 and 10 years were recruited for this study. Participants were randomly assigned to four practice groups with different amounts of CI: Block (B) (low interference), gradually increasing (GI) (moderate interference), random (R) (high interference), and game-based (high interference). The Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD-2) was used to assess four tasks overhead throw (OT), underhand throw (UT), catch (C), and throwing to a target]. The test was administered on four occasions: during pre-test, post-test, retention, and transfer. The results showed that the R group outperformed all the other groups in the post-test and the retention test. Meanwhile, in the transfer test, both R and Game-Based groups performed better than the B and GI groups. There were no differences between the R and Game-Based groups during transfer. Practicing TCG skills according to a random order was better for the acquisition and learning of GMS. The CI effect was evident, whereby high interference practice schedules were superior to low and moderate interference practice schedules.
format Article
author Hussain, Bahar
Cheong, Jadeera Phaik Geok
author_facet Hussain, Bahar
Cheong, Jadeera Phaik Geok
author_sort Hussain, Bahar
title Improving gross motor skills of children through traditional games skills practiced along the contextual interference continuum
title_short Improving gross motor skills of children through traditional games skills practiced along the contextual interference continuum
title_full Improving gross motor skills of children through traditional games skills practiced along the contextual interference continuum
title_fullStr Improving gross motor skills of children through traditional games skills practiced along the contextual interference continuum
title_full_unstemmed Improving gross motor skills of children through traditional games skills practiced along the contextual interference continuum
title_sort improving gross motor skills of children through traditional games skills practiced along the contextual interference continuum
publisher FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
publishDate 2022
url http://eprints.um.edu.my/46159/
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.986403
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