Assessing performance of the Healthcare Access and Quality Index, overall and by select age groups, for 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: A systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background Health-care needs change throughout the life course. It is thus crucial to assess whether health systems provide access to quality health care for all ages. Drawing from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019), we measured the Healthcare Access and...

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Main Authors: Lozano, Rafael, Haakenstad, Annie, Yearwood, Jamal Akeem, Fullman, Nancy, Bintz, Corinne, Bienhoff, Kelly, Weaver, Marcia R., Nandakumar, Vishnu, Joffe, Jonah N., LeGrand, Kate E., Knight, Megan, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen, Abdoli, Amir, Abeldano Zuniga, Roberto Ariel, Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O., Afzal, Muhammad Sohail, Afzal, Saira, Agudelo-Botero, Marcela, Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku, Ahmad, Sajjad, Ahmadi, Ali, Ahmadi, Sepideh, Ahmed, Ali, Rashid, Tarik Ahmed, Aji, Budi, Akande-Sholabi, Wuraola, Alam, Khurshid, Al Hamad, Hanadi, Alhassan, Robert Kaba, Ali, Liaqat, Alipour, Vahid, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena, Amin, Tarek Tawfik, Amu, Hubert, Amugsi, Dickson A., Ancuceanu, Robert, Andrade, Pedro Prata, Anjum, Afifa, Arabloo, Jalal, Arab-Zozani, Morteza, Ariffin, Hany, Arulappan, Judie, Aryan, Zahra, Ashraf, Tahira, Atnafu, Desta Debalkie, Atreya, Alok, Ausloos, Marcel, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Ayano, Getinet, Ayanore, Martin Amogre, Azari, Samad, Badiye, Ashish D., Baig, Atif Amin, Bairwa, Mohan, Bakkannavar, Shankar M., Baliga, Shrikala, Banik, Palash Chandra, Baernighausen, Till Winfried, Barra, Fabio, Barrow, Amadou, Basu, Sanjay, Bayati, Mohsen, Belete, Rebuma, Bell, Arielle Wilder, Bhagat, Devidas S., Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth, Bhardwaj, Pankaj, Bhardwaj, Nikha, Bhaskar, Sonu, Bhattacharyya, Krittika, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Bibi, Sadia, Bijani, Ali, Bikbov, Boris, Biondi, Antonio, Bolarinwa, Obasanjo Afolabi, Bonny, Aime, Brenner, Hermann, Buonsenso, Danilo, Burkart, Katrin, Busse, Reinhard, Butt, Zahid A., Butt, Nadeem Shafique, Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano, Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero, Alberto Camera, Luis, Cardenas, Rosario, Carneiro, Vera L. A., Catala-Lopez, Ferran, Chandan, Joht Singh, Charan, Jaykaran, Chavan, Prachi P., Chen, Simiao, Chen, Shu, Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan, Chowdhury, Enayet Karim, Chowdhury, Mohiuddin Ahsanul Kabir, Cirillo, Massimo, Corso, Barbara, Dadras, Omid, Dahlawi, Saad M. A., Dai, Xiaochen, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Dangel, William James, Alberto Davila-Cervantes, Claudio, Davletov, Kairat, Deuba, Keshab, Dhimal, Meghnath, Dhimal, Mandira Lamichhane, Djalalinia, Shirin, Do, Huyen Phuc, Doshmangir, Leila, Duncan, Bruce B., Effiong, Andem, Ehsani-Chimeh, Elham, Elgendy, Islam Y., Elhadi, Muhammed, El Sayed, Iman, El Tantawi, Maha, Erku, Daniel Asfaw, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Fares, Jawad, Farzadfar, Farshad, Ferrero, Simone, Desideri, Lorenzo Ferro, Fischer, Florian, Foigt, Nataliya A., Foroutan, Masoud, Fukumoto, Takeshi, Gaal, Peter Andras, Gaihre, Santosh, Gardner, William M., Garg, Tushar, Obsa, Abera Getachew, Ghafourifard, Mansour, Ghashghaee, Ahmad, Ghith, Nermin, Gilani, Syed Amir, Gill, Paramjit Singh, Goharinezhad, Salime, Golechha, Mahaveer, Guadamuz, Jenny S., Guo, Yuming, Das Gupta, Rajat, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Vivek Kumar, Gupta, Veer Bala, Hamiduzzaman, Mohammad, Hanif, Asif, Maria Haro, Josep, Hasaballah, Ahmed I., Hasan, Md Mehedi, Hasan, M. Tasdik, Hashi, Abdiwahab, Hay, Simon I., Hayat, Khezar, Heidari, Mohammad, Heidari, Golnaz, Henry, Nathaniel J., Herteliu, Claudiu, Holla, Ramesh, Hossain, Sahadat, Hossain, Sheikh Jamal, Hossain, Mohammad Bellal Hossain, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Hostiuc, Sorin, Hoveidamanesh, Soodabeh, Hsieh, Vivian Chia-rong, Hu, Guoqing, Huang, Junjie, Huda, M. Mamun, Ifeagwu, Susan C., Ikuta, Kevin S., Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, Islam, Rakibul M., Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah, Iso, Hiroyasu, Isola, Gaetano, Itumalla, Ramaiah, Iwagami, Masao, Jahani, Mohammad Ali, Jahanmehr, Nader, Jain, Rajesh, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, Janodia, Manthan Dilipkumar, Jayapal, Sathish Kumar, Jayaram, Shubha, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jonas, Jost B., Joo, Tamas, Joseph, Nitin, Jurisson, Mikk, Kabir, Ali, Kalankesh, Leila R., Kalhor, Rohollah, Kamath, Aruna M., Kamenov, Kaloyan, Kandel, Himal, Kantar, Rami S., Kapoor, Neeti, Karanikolos, Marina, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, Kavetskyy, Taras, Kawakami, Norito, Kayode, Gbenga A., Keikavoosi-Arani, Leila, Keykhaei, Mohammad, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khajuria, Himanshu, Khalilov, Rovshan, Khammarnia, Mohammad, Khan, Md Nuruzzaman, Khan, Moien A. B., Khan, Maseer, Khezeli, Mehdi, Kim, Min Seo, Kim, Yun Jin, Kisa, Sezer, Kisa, Adnan, Klymchuk, Vitalii, Koly, Kamrun Nahar, Korzh, Oleksii, Kosen, Soewarta, Koul, Parvaiz A., Defo, Barthelemy Kuate, Kumar, G. Anil, Kusuma, Dian, Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe, Larsson, Anders O., Lasrado, Savita, Lee, Wei-Chen, Lee, Yo Han, Lee, Chiachi Bonnie, Li, Shanshan, Lucchetti, Giancarlo, Mahajan, Preetam Bhalchandra, Majeed, Azeem, Makki, Alaa, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malik, Ahmad Azam, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Mantovani, Lorenzo Giovanni, Martinez-Valle, Adolfo, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlandio, Masoumi, Seyedeh Zahra, Mathur, Manu Raj, Maude, Richard James, Maulik, Pallab K., McKee, Martin, Mendoza, Walter, Menezes, Ritesh G., Mensah, George A., Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J., Mestrovic, Tomislav, Michalek, Irmina Maria, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M., Misganaw, Awoke, Misra, Sanjeev, Moazen, Babak, Mohammadi, Mokhtar, Mohammed, Shafiu, Moitra, Modhurima, Mokdad, Ali H., Molokhia, Mariam, Monasta, Lorenzo, Moni, Mohammad Ali, Moradi, Ghobad, Moreira, Rafael Silveira, Mosser, Jonathan F., Mostafavi, Ebrahim, Mouodi, Simin, Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman, Nagata, Chie, Naghavi, Mohsen, Nangia, Vinay, Swamy, Sreenivas Narasimha, Narayana, Aparna Ichalangod, Nascimento, Bruno Ramos, Nassereldine, Hasan, Nayak, Biswa Prakash, Nazari, Javad, Negoi, Ionut, Nepal, Samata, Kandel, Sandhya Neupane, Ngunjiri, Josephine W., Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi, Nguyen, Cuong Tat, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Noubiap, Jean Jacques, Oancea, Bogdan, Oghenetega, Onome Bright, Oh, In-Hwan, Olagunju, Andrew T., Olakunde, Babayemi Oluwaseun, Bali, Ahmed Omar, Omer, Emad, Onwujekwe, Obinna E., Otoiu, Adrian, Padubidri, Jagadish Rao, Palladino, Raffaele, Pana, Adrian, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Pandi-Perumal, Seithikurippu R., Pardhan, Shahina, Pasupula, Deepak Kumar, Pathak, Praveen Kumar, Patton, George C., Pawar, Shrikant, Pereira, Jeevan, Pilania, Manju, Piroozi, Bakhtiar, Podder, Vivek, Pokhrel, Khem Narayan, Postma, Maarten J., Prada, Sergio I., Syed, Zahiruddin Quazi, Rabiee, Navid, Radhakrishnan, Raghu Anekal, Rahman, Md. Mosfequr, Rahman, Mosiur, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahmani, Amir Masoud, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Rao, Chythra R., Rao, Sowmya J., Rasella, Davide, Rawaf, Salman, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawal, Lal, Renzaho, Andre M. N., Reshmi, Bhageerathy, Resnikoff, Serge, Rezapour, Aziz, Riahi, Seyed Mohammad, Ripon, Rezaul Karim, Sacco, Simona, Sadeghi, Masoumeh, Saeed, Umar, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sahiledengle, Biniyam, Sahoo, Harihar, Sahu, Maitreyi, Salama, Joseph S., Salamati, Payman, Samy, Abdallah M., Sanabria, Juan, Santric-Milicevic, Milena M., Sathian, Brijesh, Sawhney, Monika, Schmidt, Maria Ines, Seidu, Abdul-Aziz, Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Seylani, Allen, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Sheikh, Aziz, Shetty, Adithi, Shigematsu, Mika, Shiri, Rahman, Shivakumar, K. M., Shokri, Azad, Singh, Jasvinder A., Sinha, Dhirendra Narain, Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich, Skryabina, Anna Aleksandrovna, Sofi-Mahmudi, Ahmad, Sousa, Raul A. R. C., Stephens, Jacqueline H., Sun, Jing, Szocska, Miklos, Tabares-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tadbiri, Hooman, Tamiru, Animut Tagele, Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman, Topor-Madry, Roman, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto, Tran, Mai Thi Ngoc, Tran, Bach Xuan, Tripathi, Niharika, Tripathy, Jaya Prasad, Troeger, Christopher E., Robles Uezono, Deinzel, Ullah, Saif, Ullah, Anayat, Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran, Vacante, Marco, Tahbaz, Sahel Valadan, Valdez, Pascual R., Vasic, Milena, Veroux, Massimiliano, Vervoort, Dominique, Violante, Francesco S., Vladimirov, Sergey Konstantinovitch, Vlassov, Vasily, Vo, Bay, Waheed, Yasir, Wamai, Richard G., Wang, Yuan-Pang, Wang, Yanzhong, Ward, Paul, Wiangkham, Taweewat, Yadav, Lalit, Jabbari, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh, Yamagishi, Kazumasa, Yaya, Sanni, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Vahid, Yi, Siyan, Yigit, Vahit, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Younis, Mustafa Z., Yu, Chuanhua, Yunusa, Ismaeel, Bin Zaman, Sojib, Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich, Zhang, Zhi-Jiang, Zhong, Chenwen, Zuniga, Yves Miel H., Lim, Stephen S., Murray, Christopher J. L., Quality, GBD 2019 Healthcare Access
Format: Article
Published: ELSEVIER SCI LTD 2022
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Online Access:http://eprints.um.edu.my/46168/
https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00429-6
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Institution: Universiti Malaya
id my.um.eprints.46168
record_format eprints
institution Universiti Malaya
building UM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Malaya
content_source UM Research Repository
url_provider http://eprints.um.edu.my/
topic RA Public aspects of medicine
spellingShingle RA Public aspects of medicine
Lozano, Rafael
Haakenstad, Annie
Yearwood, Jamal Akeem
Fullman, Nancy
Bintz, Corinne
Bienhoff, Kelly
Weaver, Marcia R.
Nandakumar, Vishnu
Joffe, Jonah N.
LeGrand, Kate E.
Knight, Megan
Abbafati, Cristiana
Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen
Abdoli, Amir
Abeldano Zuniga, Roberto Ariel
Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi
Adekanmbi, Victor
Adetokunboh, Olatunji O.
Afzal, Muhammad Sohail
Afzal, Saira
Agudelo-Botero, Marcela
Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku
Ahmad, Sajjad
Ahmadi, Ali
Ahmadi, Sepideh
Ahmed, Ali
Rashid, Tarik Ahmed
Aji, Budi
Akande-Sholabi, Wuraola
Alam, Khurshid
Al Hamad, Hanadi
Alhassan, Robert Kaba
Ali, Liaqat
Alipour, Vahid
Aljunid, Syed Mohamed
Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena
Amin, Tarek Tawfik
Amu, Hubert
Amugsi, Dickson A.
Ancuceanu, Robert
Andrade, Pedro Prata
Anjum, Afifa
Arabloo, Jalal
Arab-Zozani, Morteza
Ariffin, Hany
Arulappan, Judie
Aryan, Zahra
Ashraf, Tahira
Atnafu, Desta Debalkie
Atreya, Alok
Ausloos, Marcel
Avila-Burgos, Leticia
Ayano, Getinet
Ayanore, Martin Amogre
Azari, Samad
Badiye, Ashish D.
Baig, Atif Amin
Bairwa, Mohan
Bakkannavar, Shankar M.
Baliga, Shrikala
Banik, Palash Chandra
Baernighausen, Till Winfried
Barra, Fabio
Barrow, Amadou
Basu, Sanjay
Bayati, Mohsen
Belete, Rebuma
Bell, Arielle Wilder
Bhagat, Devidas S.
Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth
Bhardwaj, Pankaj
Bhardwaj, Nikha
Bhaskar, Sonu
Bhattacharyya, Krittika
Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.
Bibi, Sadia
Bijani, Ali
Bikbov, Boris
Biondi, Antonio
Bolarinwa, Obasanjo Afolabi
Bonny, Aime
Brenner, Hermann
Buonsenso, Danilo
Burkart, Katrin
Busse, Reinhard
Butt, Zahid A.
Butt, Nadeem Shafique
Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano
Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero
Alberto Camera, Luis
Cardenas, Rosario
Carneiro, Vera L. A.
Catala-Lopez, Ferran
Chandan, Joht Singh
Charan, Jaykaran
Chavan, Prachi P.
Chen, Simiao
Chen, Shu
Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan
Chowdhury, Enayet Karim
Chowdhury, Mohiuddin Ahsanul Kabir
Cirillo, Massimo
Corso, Barbara
Dadras, Omid
Dahlawi, Saad M. A.
Dai, Xiaochen
Dandona, Lalit
Dandona, Rakhi
Dangel, William James
Alberto Davila-Cervantes, Claudio
Davletov, Kairat
Deuba, Keshab
Dhimal, Meghnath
Dhimal, Mandira Lamichhane
Djalalinia, Shirin
Do, Huyen Phuc
Doshmangir, Leila
Duncan, Bruce B.
Effiong, Andem
Ehsani-Chimeh, Elham
Elgendy, Islam Y.
Elhadi, Muhammed
El Sayed, Iman
El Tantawi, Maha
Erku, Daniel Asfaw
Eskandarieh, Sharareh
Fares, Jawad
Farzadfar, Farshad
Ferrero, Simone
Desideri, Lorenzo Ferro
Fischer, Florian
Foigt, Nataliya A.
Foroutan, Masoud
Fukumoto, Takeshi
Gaal, Peter Andras
Gaihre, Santosh
Gardner, William M.
Garg, Tushar
Obsa, Abera Getachew
Ghafourifard, Mansour
Ghashghaee, Ahmad
Ghith, Nermin
Gilani, Syed Amir
Gill, Paramjit Singh
Goharinezhad, Salime
Golechha, Mahaveer
Guadamuz, Jenny S.
Guo, Yuming
Das Gupta, Rajat
Gupta, Rajeev
Gupta, Vivek Kumar
Gupta, Veer Bala
Hamiduzzaman, Mohammad
Hanif, Asif
Maria Haro, Josep
Hasaballah, Ahmed I.
Hasan, Md Mehedi
Hasan, M. Tasdik
Hashi, Abdiwahab
Hay, Simon I.
Hayat, Khezar
Heidari, Mohammad
Heidari, Golnaz
Henry, Nathaniel J.
Herteliu, Claudiu
Holla, Ramesh
Hossain, Sahadat
Hossain, Sheikh Jamal
Hossain, Mohammad Bellal Hossain
Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi
Hostiuc, Sorin
Hoveidamanesh, Soodabeh
Hsieh, Vivian Chia-rong
Hu, Guoqing
Huang, Junjie
Huda, M. Mamun
Ifeagwu, Susan C.
Ikuta, Kevin S.
Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen
Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi
Islam, Rakibul M.
Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful
Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah
Iso, Hiroyasu
Isola, Gaetano
Itumalla, Ramaiah
Iwagami, Masao
Jahani, Mohammad Ali
Jahanmehr, Nader
Jain, Rajesh
Jakovljevic, Mihajlo
Janodia, Manthan Dilipkumar
Jayapal, Sathish Kumar
Jayaram, Shubha
Jha, Ravi Prakash
Jonas, Jost B.
Joo, Tamas
Joseph, Nitin
Jurisson, Mikk
Kabir, Ali
Kalankesh, Leila R.
Kalhor, Rohollah
Kamath, Aruna M.
Kamenov, Kaloyan
Kandel, Himal
Kantar, Rami S.
Kapoor, Neeti
Karanikolos, Marina
Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal
Kavetskyy, Taras
Kawakami, Norito
Kayode, Gbenga A.
Keikavoosi-Arani, Leila
Keykhaei, Mohammad
Khader, Yousef Saleh
Khajuria, Himanshu
Khalilov, Rovshan
Khammarnia, Mohammad
Khan, Md Nuruzzaman
Khan, Moien A. B.
Khan, Maseer
Khezeli, Mehdi
Kim, Min Seo
Kim, Yun Jin
Kisa, Sezer
Kisa, Adnan
Klymchuk, Vitalii
Koly, Kamrun Nahar
Korzh, Oleksii
Kosen, Soewarta
Koul, Parvaiz A.
Defo, Barthelemy Kuate
Kumar, G. Anil
Kusuma, Dian
Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe
Larsson, Anders O.
Lasrado, Savita
Lee, Wei-Chen
Lee, Yo Han
Lee, Chiachi Bonnie
Li, Shanshan
Lucchetti, Giancarlo
Mahajan, Preetam Bhalchandra
Majeed, Azeem
Makki, Alaa
Malekzadeh, Reza
Malik, Ahmad Azam
Malta, Deborah Carvalho
Mansournia, Mohammad Ali
Mantovani, Lorenzo Giovanni
Martinez-Valle, Adolfo
Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlandio
Masoumi, Seyedeh Zahra
Mathur, Manu Raj
Maude, Richard James
Maulik, Pallab K.
McKee, Martin
Mendoza, Walter
Menezes, Ritesh G.
Mensah, George A.
Meretoja, Atte
Meretoja, Tuomo J.
Mestrovic, Tomislav
Michalek, Irmina Maria
Mirrakhimov, Erkin M.
Misganaw, Awoke
Misra, Sanjeev
Moazen, Babak
Mohammadi, Mokhtar
Mohammed, Shafiu
Moitra, Modhurima
Mokdad, Ali H.
Molokhia, Mariam
Monasta, Lorenzo
Moni, Mohammad Ali
Moradi, Ghobad
Moreira, Rafael Silveira
Mosser, Jonathan F.
Mostafavi, Ebrahim
Mouodi, Simin
Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman
Nagata, Chie
Naghavi, Mohsen
Nangia, Vinay
Swamy, Sreenivas Narasimha
Narayana, Aparna Ichalangod
Nascimento, Bruno Ramos
Nassereldine, Hasan
Nayak, Biswa Prakash
Nazari, Javad
Negoi, Ionut
Nepal, Samata
Kandel, Sandhya Neupane
Ngunjiri, Josephine W.
Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi
Nguyen, Cuong Tat
Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini
Noubiap, Jean Jacques
Oancea, Bogdan
Oghenetega, Onome Bright
Oh, In-Hwan
Olagunju, Andrew T.
Olakunde, Babayemi Oluwaseun
Bali, Ahmed Omar
Omer, Emad
Onwujekwe, Obinna E.
Otoiu, Adrian
Padubidri, Jagadish Rao
Palladino, Raffaele
Pana, Adrian
Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra
Pandi-Perumal, Seithikurippu R.
Pardhan, Shahina
Pasupula, Deepak Kumar
Pathak, Praveen Kumar
Patton, George C.
Pawar, Shrikant
Pereira, Jeevan
Pilania, Manju
Piroozi, Bakhtiar
Podder, Vivek
Pokhrel, Khem Narayan
Postma, Maarten J.
Prada, Sergio I.
Syed, Zahiruddin Quazi
Rabiee, Navid
Radhakrishnan, Raghu Anekal
Rahman, Md. Mosfequr
Rahman, Mosiur
Rahman, Mahfuzar
Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur
Rahmani, Amir Masoud
Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal
Rao, Chythra R.
Rao, Sowmya J.
Rasella, Davide
Rawaf, Salman
Rawaf, David Laith
Rawal, Lal
Renzaho, Andre M. N.
Reshmi, Bhageerathy
Resnikoff, Serge
Rezapour, Aziz
Riahi, Seyed Mohammad
Ripon, Rezaul Karim
Sacco, Simona
Sadeghi, Masoumeh
Saeed, Umar
Sahebkar, Amirhossein
Sahiledengle, Biniyam
Sahoo, Harihar
Sahu, Maitreyi
Salama, Joseph S.
Salamati, Payman
Samy, Abdallah M.
Sanabria, Juan
Santric-Milicevic, Milena M.
Sathian, Brijesh
Sawhney, Monika
Schmidt, Maria Ines
Seidu, Abdul-Aziz
Sepanlou, Sadaf G.
Seylani, Allen
Shaikh, Masood Ali
Sheikh, Aziz
Shetty, Adithi
Shigematsu, Mika
Shiri, Rahman
Shivakumar, K. M.
Shokri, Azad
Singh, Jasvinder A.
Sinha, Dhirendra Narain
Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich
Skryabina, Anna Aleksandrovna
Sofi-Mahmudi, Ahmad
Sousa, Raul A. R. C.
Stephens, Jacqueline H.
Sun, Jing
Szocska, Miklos
Tabares-Seisdedos, Rafael
Tadbiri, Hooman
Tamiru, Animut Tagele
Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman
Topor-Madry, Roman
Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto
Tran, Mai Thi Ngoc
Tran, Bach Xuan
Tripathi, Niharika
Tripathy, Jaya Prasad
Troeger, Christopher E.
Robles Uezono, Deinzel
Ullah, Saif
Ullah, Anayat
Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran
Vacante, Marco
Tahbaz, Sahel Valadan
Valdez, Pascual R.
Vasic, Milena
Veroux, Massimiliano
Vervoort, Dominique
Violante, Francesco S.
Vladimirov, Sergey Konstantinovitch
Vlassov, Vasily
Vo, Bay
Waheed, Yasir
Wamai, Richard G.
Wang, Yuan-Pang
Wang, Yanzhong
Ward, Paul
Wiangkham, Taweewat
Yadav, Lalit
Jabbari, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh
Yamagishi, Kazumasa
Yaya, Sanni
Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Vahid
Yi, Siyan
Yigit, Vahit
Yonemoto, Naohiro
Younis, Mustafa Z.
Yu, Chuanhua
Yunusa, Ismaeel
Bin Zaman, Sojib
Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich
Zhang, Zhi-Jiang
Zhong, Chenwen
Zuniga, Yves Miel H.
Lim, Stephen S.
Murray, Christopher J. L.
Lozano, Rafael
Quality, GBD 2019 Healthcare Access
Assessing performance of the Healthcare Access and Quality Index, overall and by select age groups, for 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: A systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
description Background Health-care needs change throughout the life course. It is thus crucial to assess whether health systems provide access to quality health care for all ages. Drawing from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019), we measured the Healthcare Access and Quality (HAQ) Index overall and for select age groups in 204 locations from 1990 to 2019. Methods We distinguished the overall HAQ Index (ages 0-74 years) from scores for select age groups: the young (ages 0-14 years), working (ages 15-64 years), and post-working (ages 65-74 years) groups. For GBD 2019, HAQ Index construction methods were updated to use the arithmetic mean of scaled mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs) and risk-standardised death rates (RSDRs) for 32 causes of death that should not occur in the presence of timely, quality health care. Across locations and years, MIRs and RSDRs were scaled from 0 (worst) to 100 (best) separately, putting the HAQ Index on a different relative scale for each age group. We estimated absolute convergence for each group on the basis of whether the HAQ Index grew faster in absolute terms between 1990 and 2019 in countries with lower 1990 HAQ Index scores than countries with higher 1990 HAQ Index scores and by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintile. SDI is a summary metric of overall development. Findings Between 1990 and 2019, the HAQ Index increased overall (by 19.6 points, 95% uncertainty interval 17.9-21.3), as well as among the young (22.5, 19.9-24.7), working (17.2, 15.2-19.1), and post-working (15.1, 13.2-17.0) age groups. Large differences in HAQ Index scores were present across SDI levels in 2019, with the overall index ranging from 30.7 (28.6-33.0) on average in low-SDI countries to 83.4 (82.4-84.3) on average in highSDI countries. Similarly large ranges between low-SDI and high-SDI countries, respectively, were estimated in the HAQ Index for the young (40.4-89.0), working (33.8-82.8), and post-working (30.4-79.1) groups. Absolute convergence in HAQ Index was estimated in the young group only. In contrast, divergence was estimated among the working and post-working groups, driven by slow progress in low-SDI countries. Interpretation Although major gaps remain across levels of social and economic development, convergence in the young group is an encouraging sign of reduced disparities in health-care access and quality. However, divergence in the working and post-working groups indicates that health-care access and quality is lagging at lower levels of social and economic development. To meet the needs of ageing populations, health systems need to improve health-care access and quality for working-age adults and older populations while continuing to realise gains among the young. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
format Article
author Lozano, Rafael
Haakenstad, Annie
Yearwood, Jamal Akeem
Fullman, Nancy
Bintz, Corinne
Bienhoff, Kelly
Weaver, Marcia R.
Nandakumar, Vishnu
Joffe, Jonah N.
LeGrand, Kate E.
Knight, Megan
Abbafati, Cristiana
Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen
Abdoli, Amir
Abeldano Zuniga, Roberto Ariel
Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi
Adekanmbi, Victor
Adetokunboh, Olatunji O.
Afzal, Muhammad Sohail
Afzal, Saira
Agudelo-Botero, Marcela
Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku
Ahmad, Sajjad
Ahmadi, Ali
Ahmadi, Sepideh
Ahmed, Ali
Rashid, Tarik Ahmed
Aji, Budi
Akande-Sholabi, Wuraola
Alam, Khurshid
Al Hamad, Hanadi
Alhassan, Robert Kaba
Ali, Liaqat
Alipour, Vahid
Aljunid, Syed Mohamed
Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena
Amin, Tarek Tawfik
Amu, Hubert
Amugsi, Dickson A.
Ancuceanu, Robert
Andrade, Pedro Prata
Anjum, Afifa
Arabloo, Jalal
Arab-Zozani, Morteza
Ariffin, Hany
Arulappan, Judie
Aryan, Zahra
Ashraf, Tahira
Atnafu, Desta Debalkie
Atreya, Alok
Ausloos, Marcel
Avila-Burgos, Leticia
Ayano, Getinet
Ayanore, Martin Amogre
Azari, Samad
Badiye, Ashish D.
Baig, Atif Amin
Bairwa, Mohan
Bakkannavar, Shankar M.
Baliga, Shrikala
Banik, Palash Chandra
Baernighausen, Till Winfried
Barra, Fabio
Barrow, Amadou
Basu, Sanjay
Bayati, Mohsen
Belete, Rebuma
Bell, Arielle Wilder
Bhagat, Devidas S.
Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth
Bhardwaj, Pankaj
Bhardwaj, Nikha
Bhaskar, Sonu
Bhattacharyya, Krittika
Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.
Bibi, Sadia
Bijani, Ali
Bikbov, Boris
Biondi, Antonio
Bolarinwa, Obasanjo Afolabi
Bonny, Aime
Brenner, Hermann
Buonsenso, Danilo
Burkart, Katrin
Busse, Reinhard
Butt, Zahid A.
Butt, Nadeem Shafique
Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano
Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero
Alberto Camera, Luis
Cardenas, Rosario
Carneiro, Vera L. A.
Catala-Lopez, Ferran
Chandan, Joht Singh
Charan, Jaykaran
Chavan, Prachi P.
Chen, Simiao
Chen, Shu
Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan
Chowdhury, Enayet Karim
Chowdhury, Mohiuddin Ahsanul Kabir
Cirillo, Massimo
Corso, Barbara
Dadras, Omid
Dahlawi, Saad M. A.
Dai, Xiaochen
Dandona, Lalit
Dandona, Rakhi
Dangel, William James
Alberto Davila-Cervantes, Claudio
Davletov, Kairat
Deuba, Keshab
Dhimal, Meghnath
Dhimal, Mandira Lamichhane
Djalalinia, Shirin
Do, Huyen Phuc
Doshmangir, Leila
Duncan, Bruce B.
Effiong, Andem
Ehsani-Chimeh, Elham
Elgendy, Islam Y.
Elhadi, Muhammed
El Sayed, Iman
El Tantawi, Maha
Erku, Daniel Asfaw
Eskandarieh, Sharareh
Fares, Jawad
Farzadfar, Farshad
Ferrero, Simone
Desideri, Lorenzo Ferro
Fischer, Florian
Foigt, Nataliya A.
Foroutan, Masoud
Fukumoto, Takeshi
Gaal, Peter Andras
Gaihre, Santosh
Gardner, William M.
Garg, Tushar
Obsa, Abera Getachew
Ghafourifard, Mansour
Ghashghaee, Ahmad
Ghith, Nermin
Gilani, Syed Amir
Gill, Paramjit Singh
Goharinezhad, Salime
Golechha, Mahaveer
Guadamuz, Jenny S.
Guo, Yuming
Das Gupta, Rajat
Gupta, Rajeev
Gupta, Vivek Kumar
Gupta, Veer Bala
Hamiduzzaman, Mohammad
Hanif, Asif
Maria Haro, Josep
Hasaballah, Ahmed I.
Hasan, Md Mehedi
Hasan, M. Tasdik
Hashi, Abdiwahab
Hay, Simon I.
Hayat, Khezar
Heidari, Mohammad
Heidari, Golnaz
Henry, Nathaniel J.
Herteliu, Claudiu
Holla, Ramesh
Hossain, Sahadat
Hossain, Sheikh Jamal
Hossain, Mohammad Bellal Hossain
Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi
Hostiuc, Sorin
Hoveidamanesh, Soodabeh
Hsieh, Vivian Chia-rong
Hu, Guoqing
Huang, Junjie
Huda, M. Mamun
Ifeagwu, Susan C.
Ikuta, Kevin S.
Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen
Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi
Islam, Rakibul M.
Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful
Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah
Iso, Hiroyasu
Isola, Gaetano
Itumalla, Ramaiah
Iwagami, Masao
Jahani, Mohammad Ali
Jahanmehr, Nader
Jain, Rajesh
Jakovljevic, Mihajlo
Janodia, Manthan Dilipkumar
Jayapal, Sathish Kumar
Jayaram, Shubha
Jha, Ravi Prakash
Jonas, Jost B.
Joo, Tamas
Joseph, Nitin
Jurisson, Mikk
Kabir, Ali
Kalankesh, Leila R.
Kalhor, Rohollah
Kamath, Aruna M.
Kamenov, Kaloyan
Kandel, Himal
Kantar, Rami S.
Kapoor, Neeti
Karanikolos, Marina
Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal
Kavetskyy, Taras
Kawakami, Norito
Kayode, Gbenga A.
Keikavoosi-Arani, Leila
Keykhaei, Mohammad
Khader, Yousef Saleh
Khajuria, Himanshu
Khalilov, Rovshan
Khammarnia, Mohammad
Khan, Md Nuruzzaman
Khan, Moien A. B.
Khan, Maseer
Khezeli, Mehdi
Kim, Min Seo
Kim, Yun Jin
Kisa, Sezer
Kisa, Adnan
Klymchuk, Vitalii
Koly, Kamrun Nahar
Korzh, Oleksii
Kosen, Soewarta
Koul, Parvaiz A.
Defo, Barthelemy Kuate
Kumar, G. Anil
Kusuma, Dian
Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe
Larsson, Anders O.
Lasrado, Savita
Lee, Wei-Chen
Lee, Yo Han
Lee, Chiachi Bonnie
Li, Shanshan
Lucchetti, Giancarlo
Mahajan, Preetam Bhalchandra
Majeed, Azeem
Makki, Alaa
Malekzadeh, Reza
Malik, Ahmad Azam
Malta, Deborah Carvalho
Mansournia, Mohammad Ali
Mantovani, Lorenzo Giovanni
Martinez-Valle, Adolfo
Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlandio
Masoumi, Seyedeh Zahra
Mathur, Manu Raj
Maude, Richard James
Maulik, Pallab K.
McKee, Martin
Mendoza, Walter
Menezes, Ritesh G.
Mensah, George A.
Meretoja, Atte
Meretoja, Tuomo J.
Mestrovic, Tomislav
Michalek, Irmina Maria
Mirrakhimov, Erkin M.
Misganaw, Awoke
Misra, Sanjeev
Moazen, Babak
Mohammadi, Mokhtar
Mohammed, Shafiu
Moitra, Modhurima
Mokdad, Ali H.
Molokhia, Mariam
Monasta, Lorenzo
Moni, Mohammad Ali
Moradi, Ghobad
Moreira, Rafael Silveira
Mosser, Jonathan F.
Mostafavi, Ebrahim
Mouodi, Simin
Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman
Nagata, Chie
Naghavi, Mohsen
Nangia, Vinay
Swamy, Sreenivas Narasimha
Narayana, Aparna Ichalangod
Nascimento, Bruno Ramos
Nassereldine, Hasan
Nayak, Biswa Prakash
Nazari, Javad
Negoi, Ionut
Nepal, Samata
Kandel, Sandhya Neupane
Ngunjiri, Josephine W.
Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi
Nguyen, Cuong Tat
Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini
Noubiap, Jean Jacques
Oancea, Bogdan
Oghenetega, Onome Bright
Oh, In-Hwan
Olagunju, Andrew T.
Olakunde, Babayemi Oluwaseun
Bali, Ahmed Omar
Omer, Emad
Onwujekwe, Obinna E.
Otoiu, Adrian
Padubidri, Jagadish Rao
Palladino, Raffaele
Pana, Adrian
Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra
Pandi-Perumal, Seithikurippu R.
Pardhan, Shahina
Pasupula, Deepak Kumar
Pathak, Praveen Kumar
Patton, George C.
Pawar, Shrikant
Pereira, Jeevan
Pilania, Manju
Piroozi, Bakhtiar
Podder, Vivek
Pokhrel, Khem Narayan
Postma, Maarten J.
Prada, Sergio I.
Syed, Zahiruddin Quazi
Rabiee, Navid
Radhakrishnan, Raghu Anekal
Rahman, Md. Mosfequr
Rahman, Mosiur
Rahman, Mahfuzar
Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur
Rahmani, Amir Masoud
Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal
Rao, Chythra R.
Rao, Sowmya J.
Rasella, Davide
Rawaf, Salman
Rawaf, David Laith
Rawal, Lal
Renzaho, Andre M. N.
Reshmi, Bhageerathy
Resnikoff, Serge
Rezapour, Aziz
Riahi, Seyed Mohammad
Ripon, Rezaul Karim
Sacco, Simona
Sadeghi, Masoumeh
Saeed, Umar
Sahebkar, Amirhossein
Sahiledengle, Biniyam
Sahoo, Harihar
Sahu, Maitreyi
Salama, Joseph S.
Salamati, Payman
Samy, Abdallah M.
Sanabria, Juan
Santric-Milicevic, Milena M.
Sathian, Brijesh
Sawhney, Monika
Schmidt, Maria Ines
Seidu, Abdul-Aziz
Sepanlou, Sadaf G.
Seylani, Allen
Shaikh, Masood Ali
Sheikh, Aziz
Shetty, Adithi
Shigematsu, Mika
Shiri, Rahman
Shivakumar, K. M.
Shokri, Azad
Singh, Jasvinder A.
Sinha, Dhirendra Narain
Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich
Skryabina, Anna Aleksandrovna
Sofi-Mahmudi, Ahmad
Sousa, Raul A. R. C.
Stephens, Jacqueline H.
Sun, Jing
Szocska, Miklos
Tabares-Seisdedos, Rafael
Tadbiri, Hooman
Tamiru, Animut Tagele
Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman
Topor-Madry, Roman
Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto
Tran, Mai Thi Ngoc
Tran, Bach Xuan
Tripathi, Niharika
Tripathy, Jaya Prasad
Troeger, Christopher E.
Robles Uezono, Deinzel
Ullah, Saif
Ullah, Anayat
Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran
Vacante, Marco
Tahbaz, Sahel Valadan
Valdez, Pascual R.
Vasic, Milena
Veroux, Massimiliano
Vervoort, Dominique
Violante, Francesco S.
Vladimirov, Sergey Konstantinovitch
Vlassov, Vasily
Vo, Bay
Waheed, Yasir
Wamai, Richard G.
Wang, Yuan-Pang
Wang, Yanzhong
Ward, Paul
Wiangkham, Taweewat
Yadav, Lalit
Jabbari, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh
Yamagishi, Kazumasa
Yaya, Sanni
Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Vahid
Yi, Siyan
Yigit, Vahit
Yonemoto, Naohiro
Younis, Mustafa Z.
Yu, Chuanhua
Yunusa, Ismaeel
Bin Zaman, Sojib
Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich
Zhang, Zhi-Jiang
Zhong, Chenwen
Zuniga, Yves Miel H.
Lim, Stephen S.
Murray, Christopher J. L.
Lozano, Rafael
Quality, GBD 2019 Healthcare Access
author_facet Lozano, Rafael
Haakenstad, Annie
Yearwood, Jamal Akeem
Fullman, Nancy
Bintz, Corinne
Bienhoff, Kelly
Weaver, Marcia R.
Nandakumar, Vishnu
Joffe, Jonah N.
LeGrand, Kate E.
Knight, Megan
Abbafati, Cristiana
Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen
Abdoli, Amir
Abeldano Zuniga, Roberto Ariel
Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi
Adekanmbi, Victor
Adetokunboh, Olatunji O.
Afzal, Muhammad Sohail
Afzal, Saira
Agudelo-Botero, Marcela
Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku
Ahmad, Sajjad
Ahmadi, Ali
Ahmadi, Sepideh
Ahmed, Ali
Rashid, Tarik Ahmed
Aji, Budi
Akande-Sholabi, Wuraola
Alam, Khurshid
Al Hamad, Hanadi
Alhassan, Robert Kaba
Ali, Liaqat
Alipour, Vahid
Aljunid, Syed Mohamed
Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena
Amin, Tarek Tawfik
Amu, Hubert
Amugsi, Dickson A.
Ancuceanu, Robert
Andrade, Pedro Prata
Anjum, Afifa
Arabloo, Jalal
Arab-Zozani, Morteza
Ariffin, Hany
Arulappan, Judie
Aryan, Zahra
Ashraf, Tahira
Atnafu, Desta Debalkie
Atreya, Alok
Ausloos, Marcel
Avila-Burgos, Leticia
Ayano, Getinet
Ayanore, Martin Amogre
Azari, Samad
Badiye, Ashish D.
Baig, Atif Amin
Bairwa, Mohan
Bakkannavar, Shankar M.
Baliga, Shrikala
Banik, Palash Chandra
Baernighausen, Till Winfried
Barra, Fabio
Barrow, Amadou
Basu, Sanjay
Bayati, Mohsen
Belete, Rebuma
Bell, Arielle Wilder
Bhagat, Devidas S.
Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth
Bhardwaj, Pankaj
Bhardwaj, Nikha
Bhaskar, Sonu
Bhattacharyya, Krittika
Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.
Bibi, Sadia
Bijani, Ali
Bikbov, Boris
Biondi, Antonio
Bolarinwa, Obasanjo Afolabi
Bonny, Aime
Brenner, Hermann
Buonsenso, Danilo
Burkart, Katrin
Busse, Reinhard
Butt, Zahid A.
Butt, Nadeem Shafique
Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano
Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero
Alberto Camera, Luis
Cardenas, Rosario
Carneiro, Vera L. A.
Catala-Lopez, Ferran
Chandan, Joht Singh
Charan, Jaykaran
Chavan, Prachi P.
Chen, Simiao
Chen, Shu
Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan
Chowdhury, Enayet Karim
Chowdhury, Mohiuddin Ahsanul Kabir
Cirillo, Massimo
Corso, Barbara
Dadras, Omid
Dahlawi, Saad M. A.
Dai, Xiaochen
Dandona, Lalit
Dandona, Rakhi
Dangel, William James
Alberto Davila-Cervantes, Claudio
Davletov, Kairat
Deuba, Keshab
Dhimal, Meghnath
Dhimal, Mandira Lamichhane
Djalalinia, Shirin
Do, Huyen Phuc
Doshmangir, Leila
Duncan, Bruce B.
Effiong, Andem
Ehsani-Chimeh, Elham
Elgendy, Islam Y.
Elhadi, Muhammed
El Sayed, Iman
El Tantawi, Maha
Erku, Daniel Asfaw
Eskandarieh, Sharareh
Fares, Jawad
Farzadfar, Farshad
Ferrero, Simone
Desideri, Lorenzo Ferro
Fischer, Florian
Foigt, Nataliya A.
Foroutan, Masoud
Fukumoto, Takeshi
Gaal, Peter Andras
Gaihre, Santosh
Gardner, William M.
Garg, Tushar
Obsa, Abera Getachew
Ghafourifard, Mansour
Ghashghaee, Ahmad
Ghith, Nermin
Gilani, Syed Amir
Gill, Paramjit Singh
Goharinezhad, Salime
Golechha, Mahaveer
Guadamuz, Jenny S.
Guo, Yuming
Das Gupta, Rajat
Gupta, Rajeev
Gupta, Vivek Kumar
Gupta, Veer Bala
Hamiduzzaman, Mohammad
Hanif, Asif
Maria Haro, Josep
Hasaballah, Ahmed I.
Hasan, Md Mehedi
Hasan, M. Tasdik
Hashi, Abdiwahab
Hay, Simon I.
Hayat, Khezar
Heidari, Mohammad
Heidari, Golnaz
Henry, Nathaniel J.
Herteliu, Claudiu
Holla, Ramesh
Hossain, Sahadat
Hossain, Sheikh Jamal
Hossain, Mohammad Bellal Hossain
Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi
Hostiuc, Sorin
Hoveidamanesh, Soodabeh
Hsieh, Vivian Chia-rong
Hu, Guoqing
Huang, Junjie
Huda, M. Mamun
Ifeagwu, Susan C.
Ikuta, Kevin S.
Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen
Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi
Islam, Rakibul M.
Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful
Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah
Iso, Hiroyasu
Isola, Gaetano
Itumalla, Ramaiah
Iwagami, Masao
Jahani, Mohammad Ali
Jahanmehr, Nader
Jain, Rajesh
Jakovljevic, Mihajlo
Janodia, Manthan Dilipkumar
Jayapal, Sathish Kumar
Jayaram, Shubha
Jha, Ravi Prakash
Jonas, Jost B.
Joo, Tamas
Joseph, Nitin
Jurisson, Mikk
Kabir, Ali
Kalankesh, Leila R.
Kalhor, Rohollah
Kamath, Aruna M.
Kamenov, Kaloyan
Kandel, Himal
Kantar, Rami S.
Kapoor, Neeti
Karanikolos, Marina
Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal
Kavetskyy, Taras
Kawakami, Norito
Kayode, Gbenga A.
Keikavoosi-Arani, Leila
Keykhaei, Mohammad
Khader, Yousef Saleh
Khajuria, Himanshu
Khalilov, Rovshan
Khammarnia, Mohammad
Khan, Md Nuruzzaman
Khan, Moien A. B.
Khan, Maseer
Khezeli, Mehdi
Kim, Min Seo
Kim, Yun Jin
Kisa, Sezer
Kisa, Adnan
Klymchuk, Vitalii
Koly, Kamrun Nahar
Korzh, Oleksii
Kosen, Soewarta
Koul, Parvaiz A.
Defo, Barthelemy Kuate
Kumar, G. Anil
Kusuma, Dian
Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe
Larsson, Anders O.
Lasrado, Savita
Lee, Wei-Chen
Lee, Yo Han
Lee, Chiachi Bonnie
Li, Shanshan
Lucchetti, Giancarlo
Mahajan, Preetam Bhalchandra
Majeed, Azeem
Makki, Alaa
Malekzadeh, Reza
Malik, Ahmad Azam
Malta, Deborah Carvalho
Mansournia, Mohammad Ali
Mantovani, Lorenzo Giovanni
Martinez-Valle, Adolfo
Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlandio
Masoumi, Seyedeh Zahra
Mathur, Manu Raj
Maude, Richard James
Maulik, Pallab K.
McKee, Martin
Mendoza, Walter
Menezes, Ritesh G.
Mensah, George A.
Meretoja, Atte
Meretoja, Tuomo J.
Mestrovic, Tomislav
Michalek, Irmina Maria
Mirrakhimov, Erkin M.
Misganaw, Awoke
Misra, Sanjeev
Moazen, Babak
Mohammadi, Mokhtar
Mohammed, Shafiu
Moitra, Modhurima
Mokdad, Ali H.
Molokhia, Mariam
Monasta, Lorenzo
Moni, Mohammad Ali
Moradi, Ghobad
Moreira, Rafael Silveira
Mosser, Jonathan F.
Mostafavi, Ebrahim
Mouodi, Simin
Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman
Nagata, Chie
Naghavi, Mohsen
Nangia, Vinay
Swamy, Sreenivas Narasimha
Narayana, Aparna Ichalangod
Nascimento, Bruno Ramos
Nassereldine, Hasan
Nayak, Biswa Prakash
Nazari, Javad
Negoi, Ionut
Nepal, Samata
Kandel, Sandhya Neupane
Ngunjiri, Josephine W.
Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi
Nguyen, Cuong Tat
Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini
Noubiap, Jean Jacques
Oancea, Bogdan
Oghenetega, Onome Bright
Oh, In-Hwan
Olagunju, Andrew T.
Olakunde, Babayemi Oluwaseun
Bali, Ahmed Omar
Omer, Emad
Onwujekwe, Obinna E.
Otoiu, Adrian
Padubidri, Jagadish Rao
Palladino, Raffaele
Pana, Adrian
Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra
Pandi-Perumal, Seithikurippu R.
Pardhan, Shahina
Pasupula, Deepak Kumar
Pathak, Praveen Kumar
Patton, George C.
Pawar, Shrikant
Pereira, Jeevan
Pilania, Manju
Piroozi, Bakhtiar
Podder, Vivek
Pokhrel, Khem Narayan
Postma, Maarten J.
Prada, Sergio I.
Syed, Zahiruddin Quazi
Rabiee, Navid
Radhakrishnan, Raghu Anekal
Rahman, Md. Mosfequr
Rahman, Mosiur
Rahman, Mahfuzar
Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur
Rahmani, Amir Masoud
Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal
Rao, Chythra R.
Rao, Sowmya J.
Rasella, Davide
Rawaf, Salman
Rawaf, David Laith
Rawal, Lal
Renzaho, Andre M. N.
Reshmi, Bhageerathy
Resnikoff, Serge
Rezapour, Aziz
Riahi, Seyed Mohammad
Ripon, Rezaul Karim
Sacco, Simona
Sadeghi, Masoumeh
Saeed, Umar
Sahebkar, Amirhossein
Sahiledengle, Biniyam
Sahoo, Harihar
Sahu, Maitreyi
Salama, Joseph S.
Salamati, Payman
Samy, Abdallah M.
Sanabria, Juan
Santric-Milicevic, Milena M.
Sathian, Brijesh
Sawhney, Monika
Schmidt, Maria Ines
Seidu, Abdul-Aziz
Sepanlou, Sadaf G.
Seylani, Allen
Shaikh, Masood Ali
Sheikh, Aziz
Shetty, Adithi
Shigematsu, Mika
Shiri, Rahman
Shivakumar, K. M.
Shokri, Azad
Singh, Jasvinder A.
Sinha, Dhirendra Narain
Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich
Skryabina, Anna Aleksandrovna
Sofi-Mahmudi, Ahmad
Sousa, Raul A. R. C.
Stephens, Jacqueline H.
Sun, Jing
Szocska, Miklos
Tabares-Seisdedos, Rafael
Tadbiri, Hooman
Tamiru, Animut Tagele
Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman
Topor-Madry, Roman
Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto
Tran, Mai Thi Ngoc
Tran, Bach Xuan
Tripathi, Niharika
Tripathy, Jaya Prasad
Troeger, Christopher E.
Robles Uezono, Deinzel
Ullah, Saif
Ullah, Anayat
Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran
Vacante, Marco
Tahbaz, Sahel Valadan
Valdez, Pascual R.
Vasic, Milena
Veroux, Massimiliano
Vervoort, Dominique
Violante, Francesco S.
Vladimirov, Sergey Konstantinovitch
Vlassov, Vasily
Vo, Bay
Waheed, Yasir
Wamai, Richard G.
Wang, Yuan-Pang
Wang, Yanzhong
Ward, Paul
Wiangkham, Taweewat
Yadav, Lalit
Jabbari, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh
Yamagishi, Kazumasa
Yaya, Sanni
Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Vahid
Yi, Siyan
Yigit, Vahit
Yonemoto, Naohiro
Younis, Mustafa Z.
Yu, Chuanhua
Yunusa, Ismaeel
Bin Zaman, Sojib
Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich
Zhang, Zhi-Jiang
Zhong, Chenwen
Zuniga, Yves Miel H.
Lim, Stephen S.
Murray, Christopher J. L.
Lozano, Rafael
Quality, GBD 2019 Healthcare Access
author_sort Lozano, Rafael
title Assessing performance of the Healthcare Access and Quality Index, overall and by select age groups, for 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: A systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
title_short Assessing performance of the Healthcare Access and Quality Index, overall and by select age groups, for 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: A systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
title_full Assessing performance of the Healthcare Access and Quality Index, overall and by select age groups, for 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: A systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
title_fullStr Assessing performance of the Healthcare Access and Quality Index, overall and by select age groups, for 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: A systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
title_full_unstemmed Assessing performance of the Healthcare Access and Quality Index, overall and by select age groups, for 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: A systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
title_sort assessing performance of the healthcare access and quality index, overall and by select age groups, for 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis from the global burden of disease study 2019
publisher ELSEVIER SCI LTD
publishDate 2022
url http://eprints.um.edu.my/46168/
https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00429-6
_version_ 1814047575556227072
spelling my.um.eprints.461682024-10-25T08:39:22Z http://eprints.um.edu.my/46168/ Assessing performance of the Healthcare Access and Quality Index, overall and by select age groups, for 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: A systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 Lozano, Rafael Haakenstad, Annie Yearwood, Jamal Akeem Fullman, Nancy Bintz, Corinne Bienhoff, Kelly Weaver, Marcia R. Nandakumar, Vishnu Joffe, Jonah N. LeGrand, Kate E. Knight, Megan Abbafati, Cristiana Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen Abdoli, Amir Abeldano Zuniga, Roberto Ariel Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi Adekanmbi, Victor Adetokunboh, Olatunji O. Afzal, Muhammad Sohail Afzal, Saira Agudelo-Botero, Marcela Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmadi, Ali Ahmadi, Sepideh Ahmed, Ali Rashid, Tarik Ahmed Aji, Budi Akande-Sholabi, Wuraola Alam, Khurshid Al Hamad, Hanadi Alhassan, Robert Kaba Ali, Liaqat Alipour, Vahid Aljunid, Syed Mohamed Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena Amin, Tarek Tawfik Amu, Hubert Amugsi, Dickson A. Ancuceanu, Robert Andrade, Pedro Prata Anjum, Afifa Arabloo, Jalal Arab-Zozani, Morteza Ariffin, Hany Arulappan, Judie Aryan, Zahra Ashraf, Tahira Atnafu, Desta Debalkie Atreya, Alok Ausloos, Marcel Avila-Burgos, Leticia Ayano, Getinet Ayanore, Martin Amogre Azari, Samad Badiye, Ashish D. Baig, Atif Amin Bairwa, Mohan Bakkannavar, Shankar M. Baliga, Shrikala Banik, Palash Chandra Baernighausen, Till Winfried Barra, Fabio Barrow, Amadou Basu, Sanjay Bayati, Mohsen Belete, Rebuma Bell, Arielle Wilder Bhagat, Devidas S. Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Nikha Bhaskar, Sonu Bhattacharyya, Krittika Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. Bibi, Sadia Bijani, Ali Bikbov, Boris Biondi, Antonio Bolarinwa, Obasanjo Afolabi Bonny, Aime Brenner, Hermann Buonsenso, Danilo Burkart, Katrin Busse, Reinhard Butt, Zahid A. Butt, Nadeem Shafique Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero Alberto Camera, Luis Cardenas, Rosario Carneiro, Vera L. A. Catala-Lopez, Ferran Chandan, Joht Singh Charan, Jaykaran Chavan, Prachi P. Chen, Simiao Chen, Shu Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan Chowdhury, Enayet Karim Chowdhury, Mohiuddin Ahsanul Kabir Cirillo, Massimo Corso, Barbara Dadras, Omid Dahlawi, Saad M. A. Dai, Xiaochen Dandona, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dangel, William James Alberto Davila-Cervantes, Claudio Davletov, Kairat Deuba, Keshab Dhimal, Meghnath Dhimal, Mandira Lamichhane Djalalinia, Shirin Do, Huyen Phuc Doshmangir, Leila Duncan, Bruce B. Effiong, Andem Ehsani-Chimeh, Elham Elgendy, Islam Y. Elhadi, Muhammed El Sayed, Iman El Tantawi, Maha Erku, Daniel Asfaw Eskandarieh, Sharareh Fares, Jawad Farzadfar, Farshad Ferrero, Simone Desideri, Lorenzo Ferro Fischer, Florian Foigt, Nataliya A. Foroutan, Masoud Fukumoto, Takeshi Gaal, Peter Andras Gaihre, Santosh Gardner, William M. Garg, Tushar Obsa, Abera Getachew Ghafourifard, Mansour Ghashghaee, Ahmad Ghith, Nermin Gilani, Syed Amir Gill, Paramjit Singh Goharinezhad, Salime Golechha, Mahaveer Guadamuz, Jenny S. Guo, Yuming Das Gupta, Rajat Gupta, Rajeev Gupta, Vivek Kumar Gupta, Veer Bala Hamiduzzaman, Mohammad Hanif, Asif Maria Haro, Josep Hasaballah, Ahmed I. Hasan, Md Mehedi Hasan, M. Tasdik Hashi, Abdiwahab Hay, Simon I. Hayat, Khezar Heidari, Mohammad Heidari, Golnaz Henry, Nathaniel J. Herteliu, Claudiu Holla, Ramesh Hossain, Sahadat Hossain, Sheikh Jamal Hossain, Mohammad Bellal Hossain Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi Hostiuc, Sorin Hoveidamanesh, Soodabeh Hsieh, Vivian Chia-rong Hu, Guoqing Huang, Junjie Huda, M. Mamun Ifeagwu, Susan C. Ikuta, Kevin S. Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi Islam, Rakibul M. Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah Iso, Hiroyasu Isola, Gaetano Itumalla, Ramaiah Iwagami, Masao Jahani, Mohammad Ali Jahanmehr, Nader Jain, Rajesh Jakovljevic, Mihajlo Janodia, Manthan Dilipkumar Jayapal, Sathish Kumar Jayaram, Shubha Jha, Ravi Prakash Jonas, Jost B. Joo, Tamas Joseph, Nitin Jurisson, Mikk Kabir, Ali Kalankesh, Leila R. Kalhor, Rohollah Kamath, Aruna M. Kamenov, Kaloyan Kandel, Himal Kantar, Rami S. Kapoor, Neeti Karanikolos, Marina Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal Kavetskyy, Taras Kawakami, Norito Kayode, Gbenga A. Keikavoosi-Arani, Leila Keykhaei, Mohammad Khader, Yousef Saleh Khajuria, Himanshu Khalilov, Rovshan Khammarnia, Mohammad Khan, Md Nuruzzaman Khan, Moien A. B. Khan, Maseer Khezeli, Mehdi Kim, Min Seo Kim, Yun Jin Kisa, Sezer Kisa, Adnan Klymchuk, Vitalii Koly, Kamrun Nahar Korzh, Oleksii Kosen, Soewarta Koul, Parvaiz A. Defo, Barthelemy Kuate Kumar, G. Anil Kusuma, Dian Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe Larsson, Anders O. Lasrado, Savita Lee, Wei-Chen Lee, Yo Han Lee, Chiachi Bonnie Li, Shanshan Lucchetti, Giancarlo Mahajan, Preetam Bhalchandra Majeed, Azeem Makki, Alaa Malekzadeh, Reza Malik, Ahmad Azam Malta, Deborah Carvalho Mansournia, Mohammad Ali Mantovani, Lorenzo Giovanni Martinez-Valle, Adolfo Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlandio Masoumi, Seyedeh Zahra Mathur, Manu Raj Maude, Richard James Maulik, Pallab K. McKee, Martin Mendoza, Walter Menezes, Ritesh G. Mensah, George A. Meretoja, Atte Meretoja, Tuomo J. Mestrovic, Tomislav Michalek, Irmina Maria Mirrakhimov, Erkin M. Misganaw, Awoke Misra, Sanjeev Moazen, Babak Mohammadi, Mokhtar Mohammed, Shafiu Moitra, Modhurima Mokdad, Ali H. Molokhia, Mariam Monasta, Lorenzo Moni, Mohammad Ali Moradi, Ghobad Moreira, Rafael Silveira Mosser, Jonathan F. Mostafavi, Ebrahim Mouodi, Simin Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagata, Chie Naghavi, Mohsen Nangia, Vinay Swamy, Sreenivas Narasimha Narayana, Aparna Ichalangod Nascimento, Bruno Ramos Nassereldine, Hasan Nayak, Biswa Prakash Nazari, Javad Negoi, Ionut Nepal, Samata Kandel, Sandhya Neupane Ngunjiri, Josephine W. Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi Nguyen, Cuong Tat Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini Noubiap, Jean Jacques Oancea, Bogdan Oghenetega, Onome Bright Oh, In-Hwan Olagunju, Andrew T. Olakunde, Babayemi Oluwaseun Bali, Ahmed Omar Omer, Emad Onwujekwe, Obinna E. Otoiu, Adrian Padubidri, Jagadish Rao Palladino, Raffaele Pana, Adrian Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra Pandi-Perumal, Seithikurippu R. Pardhan, Shahina Pasupula, Deepak Kumar Pathak, Praveen Kumar Patton, George C. Pawar, Shrikant Pereira, Jeevan Pilania, Manju Piroozi, Bakhtiar Podder, Vivek Pokhrel, Khem Narayan Postma, Maarten J. Prada, Sergio I. Syed, Zahiruddin Quazi Rabiee, Navid Radhakrishnan, Raghu Anekal Rahman, Md. Mosfequr Rahman, Mosiur Rahman, Mahfuzar Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahmani, Amir Masoud Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal Rao, Chythra R. Rao, Sowmya J. Rasella, Davide Rawaf, Salman Rawaf, David Laith Rawal, Lal Renzaho, Andre M. N. Reshmi, Bhageerathy Resnikoff, Serge Rezapour, Aziz Riahi, Seyed Mohammad Ripon, Rezaul Karim Sacco, Simona Sadeghi, Masoumeh Saeed, Umar Sahebkar, Amirhossein Sahiledengle, Biniyam Sahoo, Harihar Sahu, Maitreyi Salama, Joseph S. Salamati, Payman Samy, Abdallah M. Sanabria, Juan Santric-Milicevic, Milena M. Sathian, Brijesh Sawhney, Monika Schmidt, Maria Ines Seidu, Abdul-Aziz Sepanlou, Sadaf G. Seylani, Allen Shaikh, Masood Ali Sheikh, Aziz Shetty, Adithi Shigematsu, Mika Shiri, Rahman Shivakumar, K. M. Shokri, Azad Singh, Jasvinder A. Sinha, Dhirendra Narain Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich Skryabina, Anna Aleksandrovna Sofi-Mahmudi, Ahmad Sousa, Raul A. R. C. Stephens, Jacqueline H. Sun, Jing Szocska, Miklos Tabares-Seisdedos, Rafael Tadbiri, Hooman Tamiru, Animut Tagele Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman Topor-Madry, Roman Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto Tran, Mai Thi Ngoc Tran, Bach Xuan Tripathi, Niharika Tripathy, Jaya Prasad Troeger, Christopher E. Robles Uezono, Deinzel Ullah, Saif Ullah, Anayat Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran Vacante, Marco Tahbaz, Sahel Valadan Valdez, Pascual R. Vasic, Milena Veroux, Massimiliano Vervoort, Dominique Violante, Francesco S. Vladimirov, Sergey Konstantinovitch Vlassov, Vasily Vo, Bay Waheed, Yasir Wamai, Richard G. Wang, Yuan-Pang Wang, Yanzhong Ward, Paul Wiangkham, Taweewat Yadav, Lalit Jabbari, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Yamagishi, Kazumasa Yaya, Sanni Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Vahid Yi, Siyan Yigit, Vahit Yonemoto, Naohiro Younis, Mustafa Z. Yu, Chuanhua Yunusa, Ismaeel Bin Zaman, Sojib Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich Zhang, Zhi-Jiang Zhong, Chenwen Zuniga, Yves Miel H. Lim, Stephen S. Murray, Christopher J. L. Lozano, Rafael Quality, GBD 2019 Healthcare Access RA Public aspects of medicine Background Health-care needs change throughout the life course. It is thus crucial to assess whether health systems provide access to quality health care for all ages. Drawing from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019), we measured the Healthcare Access and Quality (HAQ) Index overall and for select age groups in 204 locations from 1990 to 2019. Methods We distinguished the overall HAQ Index (ages 0-74 years) from scores for select age groups: the young (ages 0-14 years), working (ages 15-64 years), and post-working (ages 65-74 years) groups. For GBD 2019, HAQ Index construction methods were updated to use the arithmetic mean of scaled mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs) and risk-standardised death rates (RSDRs) for 32 causes of death that should not occur in the presence of timely, quality health care. Across locations and years, MIRs and RSDRs were scaled from 0 (worst) to 100 (best) separately, putting the HAQ Index on a different relative scale for each age group. We estimated absolute convergence for each group on the basis of whether the HAQ Index grew faster in absolute terms between 1990 and 2019 in countries with lower 1990 HAQ Index scores than countries with higher 1990 HAQ Index scores and by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintile. SDI is a summary metric of overall development. Findings Between 1990 and 2019, the HAQ Index increased overall (by 19.6 points, 95% uncertainty interval 17.9-21.3), as well as among the young (22.5, 19.9-24.7), working (17.2, 15.2-19.1), and post-working (15.1, 13.2-17.0) age groups. Large differences in HAQ Index scores were present across SDI levels in 2019, with the overall index ranging from 30.7 (28.6-33.0) on average in low-SDI countries to 83.4 (82.4-84.3) on average in highSDI countries. Similarly large ranges between low-SDI and high-SDI countries, respectively, were estimated in the HAQ Index for the young (40.4-89.0), working (33.8-82.8), and post-working (30.4-79.1) groups. Absolute convergence in HAQ Index was estimated in the young group only. In contrast, divergence was estimated among the working and post-working groups, driven by slow progress in low-SDI countries. Interpretation Although major gaps remain across levels of social and economic development, convergence in the young group is an encouraging sign of reduced disparities in health-care access and quality. However, divergence in the working and post-working groups indicates that health-care access and quality is lagging at lower levels of social and economic development. To meet the needs of ageing populations, health systems need to improve health-care access and quality for working-age adults and older populations while continuing to realise gains among the young. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. ELSEVIER SCI LTD 2022-12 Article PeerReviewed Lozano, Rafael and Haakenstad, Annie and Yearwood, Jamal Akeem and Fullman, Nancy and Bintz, Corinne and Bienhoff, Kelly and Weaver, Marcia R. and Nandakumar, Vishnu and Joffe, Jonah N. and LeGrand, Kate E. and Knight, Megan and Abbafati, Cristiana and Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen and Abdoli, Amir and Abeldano Zuniga, Roberto Ariel and Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi and Adekanmbi, Victor and Adetokunboh, Olatunji O. and Afzal, Muhammad Sohail and Afzal, Saira and Agudelo-Botero, Marcela and Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku and Ahmad, Sajjad and Ahmadi, Ali and Ahmadi, Sepideh and Ahmed, Ali and Rashid, Tarik Ahmed and Aji, Budi and Akande-Sholabi, Wuraola and Alam, Khurshid and Al Hamad, Hanadi and Alhassan, Robert Kaba and Ali, Liaqat and Alipour, Vahid and Aljunid, Syed Mohamed and Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena and Amin, Tarek Tawfik and Amu, Hubert and Amugsi, Dickson A. and Ancuceanu, Robert and Andrade, Pedro Prata and Anjum, Afifa and Arabloo, Jalal and Arab-Zozani, Morteza and Ariffin, Hany and Arulappan, Judie and Aryan, Zahra and Ashraf, Tahira and Atnafu, Desta Debalkie and Atreya, Alok and Ausloos, Marcel and Avila-Burgos, Leticia and Ayano, Getinet and Ayanore, Martin Amogre and Azari, Samad and Badiye, Ashish D. and Baig, Atif Amin and Bairwa, Mohan and Bakkannavar, Shankar M. and Baliga, Shrikala and Banik, Palash Chandra and Baernighausen, Till Winfried and Barra, Fabio and Barrow, Amadou and Basu, Sanjay and Bayati, Mohsen and Belete, Rebuma and Bell, Arielle Wilder and Bhagat, Devidas S. and Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth and Bhardwaj, Pankaj and Bhardwaj, Nikha and Bhaskar, Sonu and Bhattacharyya, Krittika and Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. and Bibi, Sadia and Bijani, Ali and Bikbov, Boris and Biondi, Antonio and Bolarinwa, Obasanjo Afolabi and Bonny, Aime and Brenner, Hermann and Buonsenso, Danilo and Burkart, Katrin and Busse, Reinhard and Butt, Zahid A. and Butt, Nadeem Shafique and Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano and Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero and Alberto Camera, Luis and Cardenas, Rosario and Carneiro, Vera L. A. and Catala-Lopez, Ferran and Chandan, Joht Singh and Charan, Jaykaran and Chavan, Prachi P. and Chen, Simiao and Chen, Shu and Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan and Chowdhury, Enayet Karim and Chowdhury, Mohiuddin Ahsanul Kabir and Cirillo, Massimo and Corso, Barbara and Dadras, Omid and Dahlawi, Saad M. A. and Dai, Xiaochen and Dandona, Lalit and Dandona, Rakhi and Dangel, William James and Alberto Davila-Cervantes, Claudio and Davletov, Kairat and Deuba, Keshab and Dhimal, Meghnath and Dhimal, Mandira Lamichhane and Djalalinia, Shirin and Do, Huyen Phuc and Doshmangir, Leila and Duncan, Bruce B. and Effiong, Andem and Ehsani-Chimeh, Elham and Elgendy, Islam Y. and Elhadi, Muhammed and El Sayed, Iman and El Tantawi, Maha and Erku, Daniel Asfaw and Eskandarieh, Sharareh and Fares, Jawad and Farzadfar, Farshad and Ferrero, Simone and Desideri, Lorenzo Ferro and Fischer, Florian and Foigt, Nataliya A. and Foroutan, Masoud and Fukumoto, Takeshi and Gaal, Peter Andras and Gaihre, Santosh and Gardner, William M. and Garg, Tushar and Obsa, Abera Getachew and Ghafourifard, Mansour and Ghashghaee, Ahmad and Ghith, Nermin and Gilani, Syed Amir and Gill, Paramjit Singh and Goharinezhad, Salime and Golechha, Mahaveer and Guadamuz, Jenny S. and Guo, Yuming and Das Gupta, Rajat and Gupta, Rajeev and Gupta, Vivek Kumar and Gupta, Veer Bala and Hamiduzzaman, Mohammad and Hanif, Asif and Maria Haro, Josep and Hasaballah, Ahmed I. and Hasan, Md Mehedi and Hasan, M. Tasdik and Hashi, Abdiwahab and Hay, Simon I. and Hayat, Khezar and Heidari, Mohammad and Heidari, Golnaz and Henry, Nathaniel J. and Herteliu, Claudiu and Holla, Ramesh and Hossain, Sahadat and Hossain, Sheikh Jamal and Hossain, Mohammad Bellal Hossain and Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi and Hostiuc, Sorin and Hoveidamanesh, Soodabeh and Hsieh, Vivian Chia-rong and Hu, Guoqing and Huang, Junjie and Huda, M. Mamun and Ifeagwu, Susan C. and Ikuta, Kevin S. and Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen and Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi and Islam, Rakibul M. and Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful and Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah and Iso, Hiroyasu and Isola, Gaetano and Itumalla, Ramaiah and Iwagami, Masao and Jahani, Mohammad Ali and Jahanmehr, Nader and Jain, Rajesh and Jakovljevic, Mihajlo and Janodia, Manthan Dilipkumar and Jayapal, Sathish Kumar and Jayaram, Shubha and Jha, Ravi Prakash and Jonas, Jost B. and Joo, Tamas and Joseph, Nitin and Jurisson, Mikk and Kabir, Ali and Kalankesh, Leila R. and Kalhor, Rohollah and Kamath, Aruna M. and Kamenov, Kaloyan and Kandel, Himal and Kantar, Rami S. and Kapoor, Neeti and Karanikolos, Marina and Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal and Kavetskyy, Taras and Kawakami, Norito and Kayode, Gbenga A. and Keikavoosi-Arani, Leila and Keykhaei, Mohammad and Khader, Yousef Saleh and Khajuria, Himanshu and Khalilov, Rovshan and Khammarnia, Mohammad and Khan, Md Nuruzzaman and Khan, Moien A. B. and Khan, Maseer and Khezeli, Mehdi and Kim, Min Seo and Kim, Yun Jin and Kisa, Sezer and Kisa, Adnan and Klymchuk, Vitalii and Koly, Kamrun Nahar and Korzh, Oleksii and Kosen, Soewarta and Koul, Parvaiz A. and Defo, Barthelemy Kuate and Kumar, G. Anil and Kusuma, Dian and Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe and Larsson, Anders O. and Lasrado, Savita and Lee, Wei-Chen and Lee, Yo Han and Lee, Chiachi Bonnie and Li, Shanshan and Lucchetti, Giancarlo and Mahajan, Preetam Bhalchandra and Majeed, Azeem and Makki, Alaa and Malekzadeh, Reza and Malik, Ahmad Azam and Malta, Deborah Carvalho and Mansournia, Mohammad Ali and Mantovani, Lorenzo Giovanni and Martinez-Valle, Adolfo and Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlandio and Masoumi, Seyedeh Zahra and Mathur, Manu Raj and Maude, Richard James and Maulik, Pallab K. and McKee, Martin and Mendoza, Walter and Menezes, Ritesh G. and Mensah, George A. and Meretoja, Atte and Meretoja, Tuomo J. and Mestrovic, Tomislav and Michalek, Irmina Maria and Mirrakhimov, Erkin M. and Misganaw, Awoke and Misra, Sanjeev and Moazen, Babak and Mohammadi, Mokhtar and Mohammed, Shafiu and Moitra, Modhurima and Mokdad, Ali H. and Molokhia, Mariam and Monasta, Lorenzo and Moni, Mohammad Ali and Moradi, Ghobad and Moreira, Rafael Silveira and Mosser, Jonathan F. and Mostafavi, Ebrahim and Mouodi, Simin and Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman and Nagata, Chie and Naghavi, Mohsen and Nangia, Vinay and Swamy, Sreenivas Narasimha and Narayana, Aparna Ichalangod and Nascimento, Bruno Ramos and Nassereldine, Hasan and Nayak, Biswa Prakash and Nazari, Javad and Negoi, Ionut and Nepal, Samata and Kandel, Sandhya Neupane and Ngunjiri, Josephine W. and Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi and Nguyen, Cuong Tat and Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini and Noubiap, Jean Jacques and Oancea, Bogdan and Oghenetega, Onome Bright and Oh, In-Hwan and Olagunju, Andrew T. and Olakunde, Babayemi Oluwaseun and Bali, Ahmed Omar and Omer, Emad and Onwujekwe, Obinna E. and Otoiu, Adrian and Padubidri, Jagadish Rao and Palladino, Raffaele and Pana, Adrian and Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra and Pandi-Perumal, Seithikurippu R. and Pardhan, Shahina and Pasupula, Deepak Kumar and Pathak, Praveen Kumar and Patton, George C. and Pawar, Shrikant and Pereira, Jeevan and Pilania, Manju and Piroozi, Bakhtiar and Podder, Vivek and Pokhrel, Khem Narayan and Postma, Maarten J. and Prada, Sergio I. and Syed, Zahiruddin Quazi and Rabiee, Navid and Radhakrishnan, Raghu Anekal and Rahman, Md. Mosfequr and Rahman, Mosiur and Rahman, Mahfuzar and Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur and Rahmani, Amir Masoud and Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal and Rao, Chythra R. and Rao, Sowmya J. and Rasella, Davide and Rawaf, Salman and Rawaf, David Laith and Rawal, Lal and Renzaho, Andre M. N. and Reshmi, Bhageerathy and Resnikoff, Serge and Rezapour, Aziz and Riahi, Seyed Mohammad and Ripon, Rezaul Karim and Sacco, Simona and Sadeghi, Masoumeh and Saeed, Umar and Sahebkar, Amirhossein and Sahiledengle, Biniyam and Sahoo, Harihar and Sahu, Maitreyi and Salama, Joseph S. and Salamati, Payman and Samy, Abdallah M. and Sanabria, Juan and Santric-Milicevic, Milena M. and Sathian, Brijesh and Sawhney, Monika and Schmidt, Maria Ines and Seidu, Abdul-Aziz and Sepanlou, Sadaf G. and Seylani, Allen and Shaikh, Masood Ali and Sheikh, Aziz and Shetty, Adithi and Shigematsu, Mika and Shiri, Rahman and Shivakumar, K. M. and Shokri, Azad and Singh, Jasvinder A. and Sinha, Dhirendra Narain and Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich and Skryabina, Anna Aleksandrovna and Sofi-Mahmudi, Ahmad and Sousa, Raul A. R. 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