The influence of cigarette smoking on gingival bleeding and serum concentrations of haptoglobin and alpha 1-antitrypsis

• Main Authors: Al-Bayaty, F.H., Baharuddin, N., Abdulla, M.A., Ali, H.M., Arkilla, M.B., AlBayaty, M.F.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: 2013
• Subjects: RK Dentistry
• Online Access: http://eprints.um.edu.my/9135/1/684154.pdf; http://eprints.um.edu.my/9135/; http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/684154
• Institution: Universiti Malaya

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the influence of cigarette smoking on gingival bleeding and serum concentrations of cotinine, haptoglobin, and alpha 1-antitrypsin in Malaysian smokers. A total of 197 male smokers and nonsmokers were recruited for this study. Plaque index, bleeding on p...