Cloud point extraction method for the removal of phenolic compounds from water samples using dc193c non−ionic surfactant / Nur Nadhirah Mohamad Zain
A greener method based on cloud point extraction was optimized in three systems namely as cloud point extraction (CPE); CPE with β−cyclodextrin (CPE−βCD) and CPE with β−cyclodextrin functionalized with ionic liquids (CPE−βCD−IL) for removing phenolic compounds including 2,4−dichlorophenol (2,4−DC...
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Format: | Thesis |
Published: |
2015
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Online Access: | http://studentsrepo.um.edu.my/6530/1/tesis_final_pdf_090115.pdf http://studentsrepo.um.edu.my/6530/ |
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Institution: | Universiti Malaya |
Summary: | A greener method based on cloud point extraction was optimized in three systems
namely as cloud point extraction (CPE); CPE with β−cyclodextrin (CPE−βCD) and
CPE with β−cyclodextrin functionalized with ionic liquids (CPE−βCD−IL) for
removing phenolic compounds including 2,4−dichlorophenol (2,4−DCP),
2,4,6−trichlorophenol (2,4,6−TCP) and 4−nitrophenol (4−NP) in aqueous samples by
using UV−Vis spectrophotometric technique. The DC193C surfactant was chosen as an
extraction solvent due to its low water content in a surfactant rich phase. The
parameters affecting the extraction efficiency such as pH, equilibration temperature and
incubation time, concentration of surfactant, modifier, salt and analyte, volume of
surfactant and modifier and water content were evaluated and optimized. In the three
CPE systems, the solubilization were in proportion of the hydrophobicity of the target
compounds, according to the following order; 4−NP < 2,4−DCP < 2,4,6−TCP.
Langmuir model was found to fit well with the solubilization of the phenolic
compounds into DC193C surfactant. The thermodynamic results indicated that the
solubilization of the phenolic compounds solubilized into DC193C surfactant were
feasible, spontaneous and endothermic. Finally, the inclusion complex formation,
hydrogen bonding and interaction between the DC193C surfactant, β−CD,
βCD−IL and the phenolic compounds were proven using the 1H NMR and 2D NOESY
spectroscopy. |
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