A New Heterogeneous Acid Catalyst for Esterification: Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology

Studies on heterogeneous acid catalysts for converting free fatty acids into biodiesel have been intensified over the years. This paper focuses on the optimization of a new catalyst system, ferric-alginate as a heterogeneous acid catalyst to esterify lauric acid into methyl laurate. Methanol to laur...

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Main Authors: Gaanty Pragas, Maniam, Boey, Peng Lim, Shangeetha, Ganesan, Melati, Khairuddean, Efendi, Jon
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2013
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Online Access:http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/4085/1/fist-2013-gaanty-new_heterogeneous_acid_abs_only.pdf
http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/4085/
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2012.08.002
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spelling my.ump.umpir.40852017-09-15T02:31:03Z http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/4085/ A New Heterogeneous Acid Catalyst for Esterification: Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology Gaanty Pragas, Maniam Boey, Peng Lim Shangeetha, Ganesan Melati, Khairuddean Efendi, Jon Q Science (General) QD Chemistry Studies on heterogeneous acid catalysts for converting free fatty acids into biodiesel have been intensified over the years. This paper focuses on the optimization of a new catalyst system, ferric-alginate as a heterogeneous acid catalyst to esterify lauric acid into methyl laurate. Methanol to lauric acid molar ratio and catalyst amount was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). The best reaction conditions to achieve methyl laurate yield of 99% was found to be 0.16:1 ferric-alginate to lauric acid mass ratio and 16:1 methanol to lauric acid molar ratio. The reaction time and temperature was fixed at 3 h and methanol refluxing temperature, respectively. The optimized reaction conditions were also used to esterify palm fatty acid distillate to give 89% methyl esters conversion. The acid value of palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) was reduced from 228 to 0.8 mg KOH/g PFAD. Elsevier 2013-01 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/4085/1/fist-2013-gaanty-new_heterogeneous_acid_abs_only.pdf Gaanty Pragas, Maniam and Boey, Peng Lim and Shangeetha, Ganesan and Melati, Khairuddean and Efendi, Jon (2013) A New Heterogeneous Acid Catalyst for Esterification: Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology. Energy Conversion and Management, 65. pp. 392-396. ISSN 0196-8904 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2012.08.002 DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2012.08.002
institution Universiti Malaysia Pahang
building UMP Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Malaysia Pahang
content_source UMP Institutional Repository
url_provider http://umpir.ump.edu.my/
language English
topic Q Science (General)
QD Chemistry
spellingShingle Q Science (General)
QD Chemistry
Gaanty Pragas, Maniam
Boey, Peng Lim
Shangeetha, Ganesan
Melati, Khairuddean
Efendi, Jon
A New Heterogeneous Acid Catalyst for Esterification: Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology
description Studies on heterogeneous acid catalysts for converting free fatty acids into biodiesel have been intensified over the years. This paper focuses on the optimization of a new catalyst system, ferric-alginate as a heterogeneous acid catalyst to esterify lauric acid into methyl laurate. Methanol to lauric acid molar ratio and catalyst amount was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). The best reaction conditions to achieve methyl laurate yield of 99% was found to be 0.16:1 ferric-alginate to lauric acid mass ratio and 16:1 methanol to lauric acid molar ratio. The reaction time and temperature was fixed at 3 h and methanol refluxing temperature, respectively. The optimized reaction conditions were also used to esterify palm fatty acid distillate to give 89% methyl esters conversion. The acid value of palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) was reduced from 228 to 0.8 mg KOH/g PFAD.
format Article
author Gaanty Pragas, Maniam
Boey, Peng Lim
Shangeetha, Ganesan
Melati, Khairuddean
Efendi, Jon
author_facet Gaanty Pragas, Maniam
Boey, Peng Lim
Shangeetha, Ganesan
Melati, Khairuddean
Efendi, Jon
author_sort Gaanty Pragas, Maniam
title A New Heterogeneous Acid Catalyst for Esterification: Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology
title_short A New Heterogeneous Acid Catalyst for Esterification: Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology
title_full A New Heterogeneous Acid Catalyst for Esterification: Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology
title_fullStr A New Heterogeneous Acid Catalyst for Esterification: Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology
title_full_unstemmed A New Heterogeneous Acid Catalyst for Esterification: Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology
title_sort new heterogeneous acid catalyst for esterification: optimization using response surface methodology
publisher Elsevier
publishDate 2013
url http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/4085/1/fist-2013-gaanty-new_heterogeneous_acid_abs_only.pdf
http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/4085/
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2012.08.002
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