Synthesis and characterization of bio-based flame-retardant coating for cotton fabric

The study explored the use of plant-derived bio-based materials for creating flame-retardant coatings on cotton fabric. Two formulations were prepared: one using banana peel powder combined with ammonium phosphate (BPE/(NH4)3PO4), and the other using soybean and ammonium phosphate with pumpkin extra...

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Main Authors: Nurul Hidayah, Abu Bakar, Wan Norfazilah, Wan Ismail
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier Ltd 2025
Subjects:
Online Access:http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/43589/1/Synthesis%20and%20characterization%20of%20bio-based%20flame-retardant%20coating.pdf
http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/43589/
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nxmate.2024.100478
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nxmate.2024.100478
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Institution: Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah
Language: English
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spelling my.ump.umpir.435892025-01-16T04:16:14Z http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/43589/ Synthesis and characterization of bio-based flame-retardant coating for cotton fabric Nurul Hidayah, Abu Bakar Wan Norfazilah, Wan Ismail TP Chemical technology The study explored the use of plant-derived bio-based materials for creating flame-retardant coatings on cotton fabric. Two formulations were prepared: one using banana peel powder combined with ammonium phosphate (BPE/(NH4)3PO4), and the other using soybean and ammonium phosphate with pumpkin extract (soybean/(NH4)3PO4−pumpkin extract). The Gas-Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis confirmed the presence of flame-retardant organic compounds in both formulations. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) imaging revealed a uniform and smooth coating on the fabric treated with soybean/(NH4)3PO4−pumpkin extract, whereas the fabric coated with BPE/(NH4)3PO4 exhibited uneven deposition and small agglomerates. Both vertical burning test and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were conducted to assess the fabric’s flame resistance and thermal properties. The vertical burning test demonstrated that the coated cotton fabric sustained minimal damage, ignited later, and had shorter char length compared to the uncoated fabric. Increasing the bio-based materials in both coatings contributed to this effect. TGA analysis revealed that the coated cotton fabric retained more mass at elevated temperatures than the uncoated fabric. Both burning tests confirmed the efficacy of the bio-based flame-retardant coating on cotton fabric, validating the success of this study. Elsevier Ltd 2025-01 Article PeerReviewed pdf en cc_by_nc_4 http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/43589/1/Synthesis%20and%20characterization%20of%20bio-based%20flame-retardant%20coating.pdf Nurul Hidayah, Abu Bakar and Wan Norfazilah, Wan Ismail (2025) Synthesis and characterization of bio-based flame-retardant coating for cotton fabric. Next Materials, 6 (100478). pp. 1-9. ISSN 2949-8228. (Published) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nxmate.2024.100478 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nxmate.2024.100478
institution Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah
building UMPSA Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah
content_source UMPSA Institutional Repository
url_provider http://umpir.ump.edu.my/
language English
topic TP Chemical technology
spellingShingle TP Chemical technology
Nurul Hidayah, Abu Bakar
Wan Norfazilah, Wan Ismail
Synthesis and characterization of bio-based flame-retardant coating for cotton fabric
description The study explored the use of plant-derived bio-based materials for creating flame-retardant coatings on cotton fabric. Two formulations were prepared: one using banana peel powder combined with ammonium phosphate (BPE/(NH4)3PO4), and the other using soybean and ammonium phosphate with pumpkin extract (soybean/(NH4)3PO4−pumpkin extract). The Gas-Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis confirmed the presence of flame-retardant organic compounds in both formulations. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) imaging revealed a uniform and smooth coating on the fabric treated with soybean/(NH4)3PO4−pumpkin extract, whereas the fabric coated with BPE/(NH4)3PO4 exhibited uneven deposition and small agglomerates. Both vertical burning test and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were conducted to assess the fabric’s flame resistance and thermal properties. The vertical burning test demonstrated that the coated cotton fabric sustained minimal damage, ignited later, and had shorter char length compared to the uncoated fabric. Increasing the bio-based materials in both coatings contributed to this effect. TGA analysis revealed that the coated cotton fabric retained more mass at elevated temperatures than the uncoated fabric. Both burning tests confirmed the efficacy of the bio-based flame-retardant coating on cotton fabric, validating the success of this study.
format Article
author Nurul Hidayah, Abu Bakar
Wan Norfazilah, Wan Ismail
author_facet Nurul Hidayah, Abu Bakar
Wan Norfazilah, Wan Ismail
author_sort Nurul Hidayah, Abu Bakar
title Synthesis and characterization of bio-based flame-retardant coating for cotton fabric
title_short Synthesis and characterization of bio-based flame-retardant coating for cotton fabric
title_full Synthesis and characterization of bio-based flame-retardant coating for cotton fabric
title_fullStr Synthesis and characterization of bio-based flame-retardant coating for cotton fabric
title_full_unstemmed Synthesis and characterization of bio-based flame-retardant coating for cotton fabric
title_sort synthesis and characterization of bio-based flame-retardant coating for cotton fabric
publisher Elsevier Ltd
publishDate 2025
url http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/43589/1/Synthesis%20and%20characterization%20of%20bio-based%20flame-retardant%20coating.pdf
http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/43589/
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nxmate.2024.100478
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nxmate.2024.100478
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