Treatment of hypertension-should we be more aggressive?

In 2014 approximately one billion adults or 22 % of the world population have hypertension (HTN), with 9.4 million deaths in 2010.The rates of HTN in children and adolescents have increased in the last 20 years in the United States. Lowest rates of HTN in the rural India and highest in Poland. HTN r...

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Main Authors: Murtaza Mustafa, Jayaram Menon, EM.Illzam, AM.Sharifa, Nang Khin Mya
Format: Article
Language:English
English
Published: IOSR 2018
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Online Access:https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/30191/1/Treatment%20of%20hypertension-should%20we%20be%20more%20aggressive.pdf
https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/30191/2/Treatment%20of%20hypertension-should%20we%20be%20more%20aggressive1.pdf
https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/30191/
http://www.iosrjournals.org/iosr-jdms/papers/Vol17-issue1/Version-17/L1701175662.pdf
https://doi.org/10.9790/0853-1701175662
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spelling my.ums.eprints.301912021-07-31T08:53:14Z https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/30191/ Treatment of hypertension-should we be more aggressive? Murtaza Mustafa Jayaram Menon EM.Illzam AM.Sharifa Nang Khin Mya BF1-990 Psychology RC Internal medicine In 2014 approximately one billion adults or 22 % of the world population have hypertension (HTN), with 9.4 million deaths in 2010.The rates of HTN in children and adolescents have increased in the last 20 years in the United States. Lowest rates of HTN in the rural India and highest in Poland. HTN results from a complex interaction of genes and environments factors. HTN is classified as primary or essential, is due to lifestyle and genetic factors, and secondary HTN is due to identifiable cause e.g., chronic kidney disease, narrowing of the kidney arteries and endocrine disorder. Several environmental factors influence HTN. High salt intake, lack of exercise, obesity, and depression. Role of caffeine and vitamin D deficiency are less clear. Frequent symptoms include headaches, lightheadedness, vertigo, tinnitus, and altered vision. Severely elevated blood pressure equal or greater than a systolic 180 or diastolic 110 is considered as HTN emergency. HTN in gestation occurs in approximately 8-10% of pregnancies. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring over 12 to 24 hours is the most accurate method to confirm diagnosis. Goal of blood pressure control a target below the range of 140-160/90- 100 mmHg, and change in lifestyle. First line of medications for HTN include thiazide-diuretics, calcium channel blockers, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers. Prevention of HTN include maintain normal body weight, reduce dietary salt intake, regular exercise, effective lifestyle change, limit alcohol consumption, and diet rich in fruit and vegetables. IOSR 2018 Article PeerReviewed text en https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/30191/1/Treatment%20of%20hypertension-should%20we%20be%20more%20aggressive.pdf text en https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/30191/2/Treatment%20of%20hypertension-should%20we%20be%20more%20aggressive1.pdf Murtaza Mustafa and Jayaram Menon and EM.Illzam and AM.Sharifa and Nang Khin Mya (2018) Treatment of hypertension-should we be more aggressive? IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences, 17. pp. 56-62. ISSN 2279-0853 (E-ISSN) , 2279-0861 (P-ISSN) http://www.iosrjournals.org/iosr-jdms/papers/Vol17-issue1/Version-17/L1701175662.pdf https://doi.org/10.9790/0853-1701175662
institution Universiti Malaysia Sabah
building UMS Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Malaysia Sabah
content_source UMS Institutional Repository
url_provider http://eprints.ums.edu.my/
language English
English
topic BF1-990 Psychology
RC Internal medicine
spellingShingle BF1-990 Psychology
RC Internal medicine
Murtaza Mustafa
Jayaram Menon
EM.Illzam
AM.Sharifa
Nang Khin Mya
Treatment of hypertension-should we be more aggressive?
description In 2014 approximately one billion adults or 22 % of the world population have hypertension (HTN), with 9.4 million deaths in 2010.The rates of HTN in children and adolescents have increased in the last 20 years in the United States. Lowest rates of HTN in the rural India and highest in Poland. HTN results from a complex interaction of genes and environments factors. HTN is classified as primary or essential, is due to lifestyle and genetic factors, and secondary HTN is due to identifiable cause e.g., chronic kidney disease, narrowing of the kidney arteries and endocrine disorder. Several environmental factors influence HTN. High salt intake, lack of exercise, obesity, and depression. Role of caffeine and vitamin D deficiency are less clear. Frequent symptoms include headaches, lightheadedness, vertigo, tinnitus, and altered vision. Severely elevated blood pressure equal or greater than a systolic 180 or diastolic 110 is considered as HTN emergency. HTN in gestation occurs in approximately 8-10% of pregnancies. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring over 12 to 24 hours is the most accurate method to confirm diagnosis. Goal of blood pressure control a target below the range of 140-160/90- 100 mmHg, and change in lifestyle. First line of medications for HTN include thiazide-diuretics, calcium channel blockers, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers. Prevention of HTN include maintain normal body weight, reduce dietary salt intake, regular exercise, effective lifestyle change, limit alcohol consumption, and diet rich in fruit and vegetables.
format Article
author Murtaza Mustafa
Jayaram Menon
EM.Illzam
AM.Sharifa
Nang Khin Mya
author_facet Murtaza Mustafa
Jayaram Menon
EM.Illzam
AM.Sharifa
Nang Khin Mya
author_sort Murtaza Mustafa
title Treatment of hypertension-should we be more aggressive?
title_short Treatment of hypertension-should we be more aggressive?
title_full Treatment of hypertension-should we be more aggressive?
title_fullStr Treatment of hypertension-should we be more aggressive?
title_full_unstemmed Treatment of hypertension-should we be more aggressive?
title_sort treatment of hypertension-should we be more aggressive?
publisher IOSR
publishDate 2018
url https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/30191/1/Treatment%20of%20hypertension-should%20we%20be%20more%20aggressive.pdf
https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/30191/2/Treatment%20of%20hypertension-should%20we%20be%20more%20aggressive1.pdf
https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/30191/
http://www.iosrjournals.org/iosr-jdms/papers/Vol17-issue1/Version-17/L1701175662.pdf
https://doi.org/10.9790/0853-1701175662
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