Microwave drying characteristics of Mas Cotek (Ficus deltoidea) leaves and its effects on colour and antioxidant properties

Master of Science in Bioprocess Engineerng

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Main Author:	Hafizah, Mohd Johar
Other Authors:	Ibnu Hajar, Rukunudin, Prof. Ir. Dr.
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) 2017
Subjects:	Ficus (Plants) Ficus (Plants) > Malaysia Medicinal plants Ficus deltoidea Mas Cotek Herbs
Online Access:	http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/77996
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Institution:	Universiti Malaysia Perlis
Language:	English

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spelling	my.unimap-779962023-04-04T02:03:04Z Microwave drying characteristics of Mas Cotek (Ficus deltoidea) leaves and its effects on colour and antioxidant properties Hafizah, Mohd Johar Ibnu Hajar, Rukunudin, Prof. Ir. Dr. Ficus (Plants) Ficus (Plants) -- Malaysia Medicinal plants Ficus deltoidea Mas Cotek Herbs Master of Science in Bioprocess Engineerng Ficus deltoidea or locally known as Mas Cotek in Malaysia is one of the 10 prioritized herbs shortlisted by the government of Malaysia in its Economic Transformation Programme (ETP). The herb is rich in chemical constituents which are known to have diverse therapeutic potentials such as reducing level of sugar in blood, decreasing blood pressure, contracting the vagina after delivery, delaying menopause and reducing the risk of cancer. Ficus deltoidea is commonly consumed, stored and further processed in its dried form. High quality dried Ficus deltoidea leaves are therefore sought after by the end-users and drying is therefore the most effective method to remove moisture to preserve and extent the shelf-life of the herb. In this study, the thin layer microwave drying characteristics of Ficus deltoidea leaves were investigated and the corresponding quality of the dehydrated leaves such as the colour, total phenolic content and antioxidant properties, were evaluated with respect to the fresh leaves. Three microwave power levels (300, 600 and 800 W) and three ventilation rates (0.00, 0.013 and 0.025 m3/s) were the combination of drying parameters used to examine the drying characteristics and quality changes of dried Ficus deltoidea. A modified domestic microwave heater was used in the study. Microwave power levels were found to significantly (p < 0.05) affect the drying rate and the quality of the dehydrated Ficus deltoidea leaves. The drying rate increased as the microwave power level increased. The colour quality, total phenolic content and antioxidant properties were higher at the microwave power level of 600 and 800 W as compared to 300 W (p < 0.05) irrespective of ventilation rate. On the other hand, the effects of the ventilation rates on the drying rate and quality of dehydrated Ficus deltoidea leaves were found to be insignificant (p > 0.05) at all drying treatments. The thin layer drying characteristics of Ficus deltoidea leaves were evaluated and it was found that the drying took place in the falling rate period only. Five established thin layer drying models were used to compare the experimental and predicted drying kinetics by using statistical software analysis. Based on the fitting criteria, Midili et al. model appeared to best fit the thin layer microwave drying data. Finally, the assessment of sorption isotherm is crucial in order to ensure stability of the dehydrated Ficus deltoidea leaves during storage. Static gravimetric method was used to determine the moisture sorption isotherm (adsorption and desorption) of Ficus deltoidea leaves at two temperatures (5 and 30 °C) and five relative humidities ranged from 11.26 to 75.65 %. Five established isotherm models were used to compare the experimental and predicted sorption isotherms by using statistical software analysis. Based on the fitting criteria, Peleg model appeared to best fit the sorption isotherms data. The characteristic of the shape of the sorption curves were found to fall under the Type II category. As a conclusion, drying treatment of 600 W and 0.013 m3/s is suggested as drying conditions of Ficus deltoidea leaves for optimum dried leaves quality retention. 2017 2023-03-06T04:01:41Z 2023-03-06T04:01:41Z Thesis http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/77996 en Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) School of Bioprocess Engineering
institution	Universiti Malaysia Perlis
building	UniMAP Library
collection	Institutional Repository
continent	Asia
country	Malaysia
content_provider	Universiti Malaysia Perlis
content_source	UniMAP Library Digital Repository
url_provider	http://dspace.unimap.edu.my/
language	English
topic	Ficus (Plants) Ficus (Plants) -- Malaysia Medicinal plants Ficus deltoidea Mas Cotek Herbs
spellingShingle	Ficus (Plants) Ficus (Plants) -- Malaysia Medicinal plants Ficus deltoidea Mas Cotek Herbs Hafizah, Mohd Johar Microwave drying characteristics of Mas Cotek (Ficus deltoidea) leaves and its effects on colour and antioxidant properties
description	Master of Science in Bioprocess Engineerng
author2	Ibnu Hajar, Rukunudin, Prof. Ir. Dr.
author_facet	Ibnu Hajar, Rukunudin, Prof. Ir. Dr. Hafizah, Mohd Johar
format	Thesis
author	Hafizah, Mohd Johar
author_sort	Hafizah, Mohd Johar
title	Microwave drying characteristics of Mas Cotek (Ficus deltoidea) leaves and its effects on colour and antioxidant properties
title_short	Microwave drying characteristics of Mas Cotek (Ficus deltoidea) leaves and its effects on colour and antioxidant properties
title_full	Microwave drying characteristics of Mas Cotek (Ficus deltoidea) leaves and its effects on colour and antioxidant properties
title_fullStr	Microwave drying characteristics of Mas Cotek (Ficus deltoidea) leaves and its effects on colour and antioxidant properties
title_full_unstemmed	Microwave drying characteristics of Mas Cotek (Ficus deltoidea) leaves and its effects on colour and antioxidant properties
title_sort	microwave drying characteristics of mas cotek (ficus deltoidea) leaves and its effects on colour and antioxidant properties
publisher	Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP)
publishDate	2017
url	http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/77996
_version_	1772813087483625472

Microwave drying characteristics of Mas Cotek (Ficus deltoidea) leaves and its effects on colour and antioxidant properties

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