Carbon footprint of road pavement rehabilitation: case study at KM 99.6 to KM 103.0 in Southbound along Sungai Petani Utara to Sungai Petani Selatan section N2, north-south expressway
Master of Science in Civil Engineering
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Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP)
2017
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my.unimap-787892023-05-23T03:49:49Z Carbon footprint of road pavement rehabilitation: case study at KM 99.6 to KM 103.0 in Southbound along Sungai Petani Utara to Sungai Petani Selatan section N2, north-south expressway Zainab Ali, Hulail Afizah, Ayob, Dr. Pavements Pavements, Asphalt Pavements, Bituminous Pavements, Concrete Greenhouse gases Highway engineering Master of Science in Civil Engineering Several challenges are facing the development of the industrial sector as a response to resource depletion, environment degradation, and climate change. These phenomena result from substantial carbon dioxide (CO₂) emission and increased carbon footprint. The transportation infrastructure sector consumes a large amount of energy and draws upon natural resources, and carbon footprint can be used to measure the amount of CO₂ from road, highway, or an overpass exerts on earth. CO₂ emissions comprise 95% of the total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. A carbon footprint is made up of two parts. The primary footprint is a measure of direct emissions, and the secondary footprint is a measure of indirect emissions from the entire life cycle of products. This research identifies and determines the amount of total carbon footprints of fuel used by machineries and quantity of materials used in the pavement rehabilitation of the PLUS Malaysia Berhad at highway site from Sungai Petani Utara to Sungai Petani Selatan km 99.60 – km 103.00 in the state of Kedah, Malaysia. The data for the research are collected from relevant site engineers through interviews and daily logbooks containing records of material and machinery used in pavement rehabilitation. This research adopts the life cycle assessment approach for evaluating the impact of carbon emission using the materials and machineries utilized in pavement rehabilitation. Results reveal that carbon footprints from materials come from quarry dust material, which emits the highest CO₂ producing 3247.91 tons of CO₂e, followed by cement, stone aggregate, and bitumen emit 251.15, 130.74, and 0.11 tons of CO₂e respectively. The dense bitumen macadam (DBM) layer emits the highest carbon footprint, accounting for 45% of carbon footprint emissions, followed by the asphaltic concrete wearing course (ACWC) layer, and asphaltic concrete binder course (ACBC) layer at CO₂ 28% and 27% respectively. Milling machinery emits the highest carbon footprint producing 478.14 tons fossil of CO₂e due to the highest engine capacity of 448.8 kW/h followed by the lorry DBM, lorry ACWC, and lorry dump truck at 459.47, 352.50, 314.64 tons fossil of CO₂e, respectively. The highest carbon footprint emissions are also observed from milling work task, accounting for 38% of total carbon emissions followed by the tasks in DBM, ACWC, and ACBC layers at 27%, 21% and 14% of CO₂ emission, respectively. The premix cutter machinery emits the lowest carbon footprint emission producing 2.64 tons fossil of CO₂e because of engine capacity is 9.5 kW/h, which is the lowest among the machineries. In the long run, these data contribute to improve methods for implementing policies that monitor and mitigate GHG emissions. As a contribution, the findings of this research are expected to assist contractors, town planners, academics, and policy makers in this field to lessen the carbon footprints in the road infrastructure system in Malaysia 2017 2023-05-23T03:49:49Z 2023-05-23T03:49:49Z Thesis http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/78789 en Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) School of Environmental Engineering |
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Universiti Malaysia Perlis |
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UniMAP Library |
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Institutional Repository |
| continent |
Asia |
| country |
Malaysia |
| content_provider |
Universiti Malaysia Perlis |
| content_source |
UniMAP Library Digital Repository |
| url_provider |
http://dspace.unimap.edu.my/ |
| language |
English |
| topic |
Pavements Pavements, Asphalt Pavements, Bituminous Pavements, Concrete Greenhouse gases Highway engineering |
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Pavements Pavements, Asphalt Pavements, Bituminous Pavements, Concrete Greenhouse gases Highway engineering Zainab Ali, Hulail Carbon footprint of road pavement rehabilitation: case study at KM 99.6 to KM 103.0 in Southbound along Sungai Petani Utara to Sungai Petani Selatan section N2, north-south expressway |
| description |
Master of Science in Civil Engineering |
| author2 |
Afizah, Ayob, Dr. |
| author_facet |
Afizah, Ayob, Dr. Zainab Ali, Hulail |
| format |
Thesis |
| author |
Zainab Ali, Hulail |
| author_sort |
Zainab Ali, Hulail |
| title |
Carbon footprint of road pavement rehabilitation: case study at KM 99.6 to KM 103.0 in Southbound along Sungai Petani Utara to Sungai Petani Selatan section N2, north-south expressway |
| title_short |
Carbon footprint of road pavement rehabilitation: case study at KM 99.6 to KM 103.0 in Southbound along Sungai Petani Utara to Sungai Petani Selatan section N2, north-south expressway |
| title_full |
Carbon footprint of road pavement rehabilitation: case study at KM 99.6 to KM 103.0 in Southbound along Sungai Petani Utara to Sungai Petani Selatan section N2, north-south expressway |
| title_fullStr |
Carbon footprint of road pavement rehabilitation: case study at KM 99.6 to KM 103.0 in Southbound along Sungai Petani Utara to Sungai Petani Selatan section N2, north-south expressway |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Carbon footprint of road pavement rehabilitation: case study at KM 99.6 to KM 103.0 in Southbound along Sungai Petani Utara to Sungai Petani Selatan section N2, north-south expressway |
| title_sort |
carbon footprint of road pavement rehabilitation: case study at km 99.6 to km 103.0 in southbound along sungai petani utara to sungai petani selatan section n2, north-south expressway |
| publisher |
Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) |
| publishDate |
2017 |
| url |
http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/78789 |
| _version_ |
1772813211856273408 |