THE PHYSICO-CHEMICAL EVALUATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY OF OIL PALM DECANTER CAKE IN LUBOK ANTU, SARAWAK
Oil Palm Decanter Cake (OPDC) is one of the large quantity leftovers in the oil palm mill that has been shown to have nutritional value. As a result of its widespread production, its proper disposal has become a major source of concern especially when it comes to the environmental contamination...
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| Format: | Final Year Project Report |
| Language: | English English |
| Published: |
Universiti Malaysia Sarawak
2022
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/39365/1/FYP_Anjelina%20Joffery%20Kalimuthu%20-%2024pages.pdf http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/39365/3/Anjelina%20Joffery%20Kalimuthu%20ft.pdf http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/39365/ |
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| Institution: | Universiti Malaysia Sarawak |
| Language: | English English |
| Summary: | Oil Palm Decanter Cake (OPDC) is one of the large quantity leftovers in the oil palm mill
that has been shown to have nutritional value. As a result of its widespread production,
its proper disposal has become a major source of concern especially when it comes to the
environmental contamination in the palm oil industry in Malaysia, with a particular focus
on the palm oil mill located in Lubok Antu, Sarawak, it has been observed that Palm Oil
Mill Waste (POMW) is one of the major problems that need to be taken into consideration
by the mills, particularly when it comes to wastes related to OPDC, because both the
disposal and the utilisation of wastes related to OPDC are not being properly disposed of
and managed. It is critical that significant efforts to be made to ensure appropriate OPDC
waste management in Lubok Antu Palm Oil Mill 1 (LAPOM 1) are to be done to address
rising environmental concerns, hence the purpose of this project is to evaluate the physical
and chemical characteristics of OPDC, besides to analyse the environmental
sustainability of the potential applications of OPDC as raw material focusing on organic
fertilizer and biomethane gas. In evaluating the physico-chemical (physical and chemical)
analysis of OPDC for organic fertilizer and biomethane gas applications, seven analyses
have been done which includes Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), density, moisture,
oil, heavy metals, Nitrogen Phosphorus Potassium (NPK), and Fourier Transmission
Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. Besides, the inventory structure for the Carbon
Dioxide Equivalent (CO2e) have been designed in order to analyse the environmental
sustainability of OPDC for organic fertilizer and biomethane applications by conducting
the inventory analysis. Consequently, based on all of the evaluation and analysis which
have been done, biomethane gas application are selected to be the potential application
of OPDC as raw material in which it emits lower CO2e compared to organic fertilizer
application, besides sludge is produced upon biomethane production in which can be used
as soil conditioner based on the physical and chemical characteristics that have been
analysed. Biomethane is a chemical alternative to natural gas and can be used in gas
distribution and transport, and electricity generation, as it has zero emissions and is
interchangeable with natural gas as it can absorb methane emissions from landfills and
manure production, reducing environmental methane emissions. |
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