Morphometric Analysis of Sexual Dimorphism in Penthicodes farinosus (Weber, 1801) (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) from Sarawak
The Penthicodes farinosus are strikingly coloured insects and can be found in India, Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Sumatra, Sulawesi, the Philippines, and Borneo. Despite their wide distributional range in Asia with a common occurrence in Borneo, morphometric investigation of P. farinosus i...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
UNIMAS Publisher
2023
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/42184/1/Morphometric%20Analysis.pdf http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/42184/ https://publisher.unimas.my/ojs/index.php/BJRST/article/view/5283 |
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| Institution: | Universiti Malaysia Sarawak |
| Language: | English |
| Summary: | The Penthicodes farinosus are strikingly coloured insects and can be found in India, Myanmar, Peninsular
Malaysia, Java, Sumatra, Sulawesi, the Philippines, and Borneo. Despite their wide distributional range in Asia
with a common occurrence in Borneo, morphometric investigation of P. farinosus is still lacking. The study is
aimed to investigate the morphological variations of this species between two different sexes in Sarawak,
Malaysian Borneo. Eleven morphometric characters were measured from 183 specimens (69 males and 114
females). The data were analysed using an independent t-test, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and
Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA). Sexual dimorphism index (SDI) was found ranging from 0.044 (LV) to
0.1008 (BTg) indicating females were larger than males. In PCA, cumulative variations of 59.9% were recorded
from two principal components, showing higher loadings in the length of tegmen (LTg) and total length (TL).
DFA revealed a single function that explains a canonical correlation of 0.895 with 100% variation. The Wilks’
Lambda values of 0.199 were highly supported with p<0.0001. The highest loadings for the model are LTg and
TL. The two variables were further tested using Leave-One-Out Cross Validation (LOOVC) method which
resulted in 97.2% cases being correctly classified as male or female. This suggests LTg and TL can be useful in
separating both sexes of P. farinosus. |
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