Admixture in Humans of Two Divergent Plasmodium knowlesi Populations Associated with Different Macaque Host Species

Human malaria parasite species were originally acquired from other primate hosts and subsequently became endemic, then spread throughout large parts of the world. A major zoonosis is now occurring with Plasmodium knowlesi from macaques in Southeast Asia, with a recent acceleration in numbers of rep...

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Main Authors: Paul, C.S, Balbir, Singh, Fread, Anderios, Shamilah, Hisam, Asmad, matusop, Clemens, H. M. Kocken, Samuel, A. Assefal, Craig, W. Duffy, David, J. Conway
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Language:English
Published: Researchgate 2015
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Online Access:http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/8411/1/Admixture%20in%20Humans%20of%20Two%20Divergent%20plasmodium%20%28abstract%29.pdf
http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/8411/
http://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1004888
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Institution: Universiti Malaysia Sarawak
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spelling my.unimas.ir.84112017-02-14T05:01:19Z http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/8411/ Admixture in Humans of Two Divergent Plasmodium knowlesi Populations Associated with Different Macaque Host Species Paul, C.S Balbir, Singh Fread, Anderios Shamilah, Hisam Asmad, matusop Clemens, H. M. Kocken Samuel, A. Assefal Craig, W. Duffy David, J. Conway RB Pathology Human malaria parasite species were originally acquired from other primate hosts and subsequently became endemic, then spread throughout large parts of the world. A major zoonosis is now occurring with Plasmodium knowlesi from macaques in Southeast Asia, with a recent acceleration in numbers of reported cases particularly in Malaysia. To investigate the parasite population genetics, we developed sensitive and species-specific microsatellite genotyping protocols and applied these to analysis of samples from 10 sites covering a range of >1,600 km within which most cases have occurred. Genotypic analyses of 599 P.knowlesi infections (552 in humans and 47 in wild macaques) at 10 highly polymorphic loci provide radical new insights on the emergence. Parasites from sympatric long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) and pig-tailed macaques (M. nemestrina) were very highly differentiated (FST = 0.22, and K-means clustering confirmed two host-associated subpopulations). Approximately two thirds of human P. knowlesi infections were of the longtailed macaque type (Cluster 1), and one third were of the pig-tailed-macaque type (Cluster 2), with relative proportions varying across the different sites. Among the samples from humans, there was significant indication of genetic isolation by geographical distance overall and within Cluster 1 alone. Across the different sites, the level of multi-locus linkage disequilibrium correlated with the degree of local admixture of the two different clusters. The widespread occurrence of both types of P. knowlesi in humans enhances the potential for parasite adaptation in this zoonotic system. Researchgate 2015 E-Article PeerReviewed text en http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/8411/1/Admixture%20in%20Humans%20of%20Two%20Divergent%20plasmodium%20%28abstract%29.pdf Paul, C.S and Balbir, Singh and Fread, Anderios and Shamilah, Hisam and Asmad, matusop and Clemens, H. M. Kocken and Samuel, A. Assefal and Craig, W. Duffy and David, J. Conway (2015) Admixture in Humans of Two Divergent Plasmodium knowlesi Populations Associated with Different Macaque Host Species. PLoS Pathogens, 11 (5). ISSN 1553-7374 http://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1004888 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004888
institution Universiti Malaysia Sarawak
building Centre for Academic Information Services (CAIS)
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Malaysia Sarawak
content_source UNIMAS Institutional Repository
url_provider http://ir.unimas.my/
language English
topic RB Pathology
spellingShingle RB Pathology
Paul, C.S
Balbir, Singh
Fread, Anderios
Shamilah, Hisam
Asmad, matusop
Clemens, H. M. Kocken
Samuel, A. Assefal
Craig, W. Duffy
David, J. Conway
Admixture in Humans of Two Divergent Plasmodium knowlesi Populations Associated with Different Macaque Host Species
description Human malaria parasite species were originally acquired from other primate hosts and subsequently became endemic, then spread throughout large parts of the world. A major zoonosis is now occurring with Plasmodium knowlesi from macaques in Southeast Asia, with a recent acceleration in numbers of reported cases particularly in Malaysia. To investigate the parasite population genetics, we developed sensitive and species-specific microsatellite genotyping protocols and applied these to analysis of samples from 10 sites covering a range of >1,600 km within which most cases have occurred. Genotypic analyses of 599 P.knowlesi infections (552 in humans and 47 in wild macaques) at 10 highly polymorphic loci provide radical new insights on the emergence. Parasites from sympatric long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) and pig-tailed macaques (M. nemestrina) were very highly differentiated (FST = 0.22, and K-means clustering confirmed two host-associated subpopulations). Approximately two thirds of human P. knowlesi infections were of the longtailed macaque type (Cluster 1), and one third were of the pig-tailed-macaque type (Cluster 2), with relative proportions varying across the different sites. Among the samples from humans, there was significant indication of genetic isolation by geographical distance overall and within Cluster 1 alone. Across the different sites, the level of multi-locus linkage disequilibrium correlated with the degree of local admixture of the two different clusters. The widespread occurrence of both types of P. knowlesi in humans enhances the potential for parasite adaptation in this zoonotic system.
format E-Article
author Paul, C.S
Balbir, Singh
Fread, Anderios
Shamilah, Hisam
Asmad, matusop
Clemens, H. M. Kocken
Samuel, A. Assefal
Craig, W. Duffy
David, J. Conway
author_facet Paul, C.S
Balbir, Singh
Fread, Anderios
Shamilah, Hisam
Asmad, matusop
Clemens, H. M. Kocken
Samuel, A. Assefal
Craig, W. Duffy
David, J. Conway
author_sort Paul, C.S
title Admixture in Humans of Two Divergent Plasmodium knowlesi Populations Associated with Different Macaque Host Species
title_short Admixture in Humans of Two Divergent Plasmodium knowlesi Populations Associated with Different Macaque Host Species
title_full Admixture in Humans of Two Divergent Plasmodium knowlesi Populations Associated with Different Macaque Host Species
title_fullStr Admixture in Humans of Two Divergent Plasmodium knowlesi Populations Associated with Different Macaque Host Species
title_full_unstemmed Admixture in Humans of Two Divergent Plasmodium knowlesi Populations Associated with Different Macaque Host Species
title_sort admixture in humans of two divergent plasmodium knowlesi populations associated with different macaque host species
publisher Researchgate
publishDate 2015
url http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/8411/1/Admixture%20in%20Humans%20of%20Two%20Divergent%20plasmodium%20%28abstract%29.pdf
http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/8411/
http://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1004888
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