Pilot-scale production and the physicochemical properties of palm and Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesels and their blends
Alternative fuels; Biodiesel; Catalysis; Diesel engines; Diesel fuels; Engines; Esters; Fossil fuels; Fuel oils; Fuels; Materials testing; Oil shale; Pilot plants; Stainless steel; Standards; Transesterification; American society for testing and materials; Biodiesel production; Calophyllum inophyllu...
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2023
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my.uniten.dspace-226892023-05-29T14:11:40Z Pilot-scale production and the physicochemical properties of palm and Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesels and their blends Silitonga A.S. Masjuki H.H. Ong H.C. Kusumo F. Mahlia T.M.I. Bahar A.H. 39262559400 57175108000 55310784800 56611974900 56997615100 56495544700 Alternative fuels; Biodiesel; Catalysis; Diesel engines; Diesel fuels; Engines; Esters; Fossil fuels; Fuel oils; Fuels; Materials testing; Oil shale; Pilot plants; Stainless steel; Standards; Transesterification; American society for testing and materials; Biodiesel production; Calophyllum inophyllum oil; Physicochemical property; Pilot-scale production; Potential feedstock; Transesterification process; Transportation sector; Palm oil Biodiesel production has grown rapidly in response to the escalating price of fossil fuels in the last 20 years. Biodiesels appear to be one of the solutions to fulfil the increasing energy demands of the transportation sector since it can be used as substitutes of diesel in diesel engines without the need to modify the engines. The aim of this study is to evaluate the properties of biodiesels produced from crude palm and Calophyllum inophyllum oils using a pilot plant. A 50 L stainless steel jacketed reactor pilot plant is built to convert crude palm oil into palm methyl ester using transesterification process whereas crude C. inophyllum oil is processed using acid-catalysed esterification followed by alkaline-catalysed transesterification. The properties of the palm and C. inophyllum methyl esters are characterized according to the American society for testing and materials (ASTM) D6751 and European standard (EN) 14214 standards. In a latter section of this study, the palm and C. inophyllum methyl esters are blended with diesel fuel using different volume ratios. The oxidation stability of these blends is evaluated for two storage conditions for 90 days: (1) vacuum chamber and (2) room temperature. The oxidation stability of these blends is maintained for more than 12 h for 90 days when the fuels are stored in the vacuum chamber, which fulfils the biodiesel standards. Based on the results, both crude palm and C. inophyllum oils are potential feedstocks for industrial-scale biodiesel production and the biodiesels can likely replace diesel fuel in the future. � 2016 Elsevier Ltd. Final 2023-05-29T06:11:40Z 2023-05-29T06:11:40Z 2016 Article 10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.03.057 2-s2.0-84981763960 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84981763960&doi=10.1016%2fj.jclepro.2016.03.057&partnerID=40&md5=3b3b3bbfc9365cb8b36bcfde22639c3f https://irepository.uniten.edu.my/handle/123456789/22689 126 654 666 Elsevier Ltd Scopus |
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Alternative fuels; Biodiesel; Catalysis; Diesel engines; Diesel fuels; Engines; Esters; Fossil fuels; Fuel oils; Fuels; Materials testing; Oil shale; Pilot plants; Stainless steel; Standards; Transesterification; American society for testing and materials; Biodiesel production; Calophyllum inophyllum oil; Physicochemical property; Pilot-scale production; Potential feedstock; Transesterification process; Transportation sector; Palm oil |
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39262559400 |
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39262559400 Silitonga A.S. Masjuki H.H. Ong H.C. Kusumo F. Mahlia T.M.I. Bahar A.H. |
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Article |
| author |
Silitonga A.S. Masjuki H.H. Ong H.C. Kusumo F. Mahlia T.M.I. Bahar A.H. |
| spellingShingle |
Silitonga A.S. Masjuki H.H. Ong H.C. Kusumo F. Mahlia T.M.I. Bahar A.H. Pilot-scale production and the physicochemical properties of palm and Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesels and their blends |
| author_sort |
Silitonga A.S. |
| title |
Pilot-scale production and the physicochemical properties of palm and Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesels and their blends |
| title_short |
Pilot-scale production and the physicochemical properties of palm and Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesels and their blends |
| title_full |
Pilot-scale production and the physicochemical properties of palm and Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesels and their blends |
| title_fullStr |
Pilot-scale production and the physicochemical properties of palm and Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesels and their blends |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Pilot-scale production and the physicochemical properties of palm and Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesels and their blends |
| title_sort |
pilot-scale production and the physicochemical properties of palm and calophyllum inophyllum biodiesels and their blends |
| publisher |
Elsevier Ltd |
| publishDate |
2023 |
| _version_ |
1806426069527429120 |