Effect of temperature on synthesis of cellulose nanoparticles via ionic liquid hydrolysis process
Catalysts; Cellulose; Crystallinity; Field emission microscopes; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Hydrolysis; Ionic liquids; Microcrystals; Nanoparticles; Scanning electron microscopy; Synthesis (chemical); X ray diffraction; Cellulose nanoparticles; Effect of temperature; Field emission sca...
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2023
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my.uniten.dspace-254282023-05-29T16:09:18Z Effect of temperature on synthesis of cellulose nanoparticles via ionic liquid hydrolysis process Samsudin N.A. Low F.W. Yusoff Y. Shakeri M. Tan X.Y. Lai C.W. Asim N. Oon C.S. Newaz K.S. Tiong S.K. Amin N. 57190525429 56513524700 57206844407 55433849200 56784907700 54879860000 55902096700 55332679600 56728684300 15128307800 7102424614 Catalysts; Cellulose; Crystallinity; Field emission microscopes; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Hydrolysis; Ionic liquids; Microcrystals; Nanoparticles; Scanning electron microscopy; Synthesis (chemical); X ray diffraction; Cellulose nanoparticles; Effect of temperature; Field emission scanning electron microscopy; Green chemistry approaches; Hazardous waste products; Micro-crystalline cellulose; Preferential orientation; Structural transformation; Thermogravimetric analysis; Catalysts; Cellulose; Crystallinity; Gravimetry; Hydrolysis; Scanning Electron Microscopy; Thermal Analysis; X Ray Diffraction This paper elucidated the properties of cellulose nanoparticles (CNPs) extracted from microcrystalline cellulose by hydrolysis reaction by using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (BmimOAc) as a catalyst and solvent at various temperatures (i.e. 70, 80, 90, 100 and 110 �C). X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to characterise the samples and the relevant analysis was presented in detail. It was found that the initial peak from microcrystalline cellulose at the preferential orientation of (200) split into two broad peaks, with the preferential orientations found to be (110) and (020) as per XRD analysis. This showed that native cellulose experienced a structural transformation from its initial cellulose type I to the terminated phase of cellulose type II in CNPs, with a remarkable reduction in crystallinity after the hydrolysis reaction in BmimOAc. The reaction temperature was found to refine the individual cellulosic fibres with a smooth, homogenous, and defined width, which was obtained at an optimum temperature of 80 �C. The application of BmimOAc as both catalyst and solvent thus introduces a green chemistry approach as it does not produce any hazardous waste products. Additionally, it is an economical process as the recovery of the ionic liquid is high, reaching up to 86%. � 2020 Elsevier B.V. Final 2023-05-29T08:09:18Z 2023-05-29T08:09:18Z 2020 Article 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113030 2-s2.0-85083288043 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85083288043&doi=10.1016%2fj.molliq.2020.113030&partnerID=40&md5=b68f6e4369d123616360f23cf06924cc https://irepository.uniten.edu.my/handle/123456789/25428 308 113030 Elsevier B.V. Scopus |
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Catalysts; Cellulose; Crystallinity; Field emission microscopes; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Hydrolysis; Ionic liquids; Microcrystals; Nanoparticles; Scanning electron microscopy; Synthesis (chemical); X ray diffraction; Cellulose nanoparticles; Effect of temperature; Field emission scanning electron microscopy; Green chemistry approaches; Hazardous waste products; Micro-crystalline cellulose; Preferential orientation; Structural transformation; Thermogravimetric analysis; Catalysts; Cellulose; Crystallinity; Gravimetry; Hydrolysis; Scanning Electron Microscopy; Thermal Analysis; X Ray Diffraction |
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57190525429 Samsudin N.A. Low F.W. Yusoff Y. Shakeri M. Tan X.Y. Lai C.W. Asim N. Oon C.S. Newaz K.S. Tiong S.K. Amin N. |
| format |
Article |
| author |
Samsudin N.A. Low F.W. Yusoff Y. Shakeri M. Tan X.Y. Lai C.W. Asim N. Oon C.S. Newaz K.S. Tiong S.K. Amin N. |
| spellingShingle |
Samsudin N.A. Low F.W. Yusoff Y. Shakeri M. Tan X.Y. Lai C.W. Asim N. Oon C.S. Newaz K.S. Tiong S.K. Amin N. Effect of temperature on synthesis of cellulose nanoparticles via ionic liquid hydrolysis process |
| author_sort |
Samsudin N.A. |
| title |
Effect of temperature on synthesis of cellulose nanoparticles via ionic liquid hydrolysis process |
| title_short |
Effect of temperature on synthesis of cellulose nanoparticles via ionic liquid hydrolysis process |
| title_full |
Effect of temperature on synthesis of cellulose nanoparticles via ionic liquid hydrolysis process |
| title_fullStr |
Effect of temperature on synthesis of cellulose nanoparticles via ionic liquid hydrolysis process |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Effect of temperature on synthesis of cellulose nanoparticles via ionic liquid hydrolysis process |
| title_sort |
effect of temperature on synthesis of cellulose nanoparticles via ionic liquid hydrolysis process |
| publisher |
Elsevier B.V. |
| publishDate |
2023 |
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1806424394627547136 |