Lightning mapping: Techniques, challenges, and opportunities
Mapping; Signal processing; Wavelet transforms; Cross correlations; Direction finder; Lightning radiations; Lightning signals; Localization and mappings; Performance and reliabilities; Technical challenges; Very high frequency; Lightning
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Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
2023
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my.uniten.dspace-256232023-05-29T16:11:50Z Lightning mapping: Techniques, challenges, and opportunities Alammari A. Alkahtani A.A. Ahmad M.R. Noman F.M. Mohd Esa M.R. Kawasaki Z. Tiong S.K. 57217994803 55646765500 16021287600 55327881300 56563193100 36916954400 15128307800 Mapping; Signal processing; Wavelet transforms; Cross correlations; Direction finder; Lightning radiations; Lightning signals; Localization and mappings; Performance and reliabilities; Technical challenges; Very high frequency; Lightning Despite the significant progress in the understanding of the phenomenon of lightning and the physics behind it, locating and mapping its occurrence remain a challenge. Such localization and mapping of very high frequency (VHF) lightning radiation sources provide a foundation for the subsequent research on predicting lightning, saving lives, and protecting valuable assets. A major technical challenge in attempting to map the sources of lightning is mapping accuracy. The three common electromagnetic radio frequencybased lightning locating techniques are magnetic direction finder, time of arrival, and interferometer (ITF). Understanding these approaches requires critically reviewing previous attempts. The performance and reliability of each method are evaluated on the basis of the mapping accuracy obtained from lightning data from different sources. In this work, we review various methods for lightning mapping. We study the approaches, describe their techniques, analyze their merits and demerits, classify them, and derive few opportunities for further research. We find that the ITF system is the most effective method and that its performance may be improved further. One approach is to improve how lightning signals are preprocessed and how noise is filtered. Signal processing can also be utilized to improve mapping accuracy by introducing methods such as wavelet transform in place of conventional cross-correlation approaches. � 2020 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. All rights reserved. Final 2023-05-29T08:11:50Z 2023-05-29T08:11:50Z 2020 Article 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3031810 2-s2.0-85102838458 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85102838458&doi=10.1109%2fACCESS.2020.3031810&partnerID=40&md5=4d2bf1ca6acc223cb1834ac968751fc1 https://irepository.uniten.edu.my/handle/123456789/25623 8 190064 190082 All Open Access, Gold, Green Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. Scopus |
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| description |
Mapping; Signal processing; Wavelet transforms; Cross correlations; Direction finder; Lightning radiations; Lightning signals; Localization and mappings; Performance and reliabilities; Technical challenges; Very high frequency; Lightning |
| author2 |
57217994803 |
| author_facet |
57217994803 Alammari A. Alkahtani A.A. Ahmad M.R. Noman F.M. Mohd Esa M.R. Kawasaki Z. Tiong S.K. |
| format |
Article |
| author |
Alammari A. Alkahtani A.A. Ahmad M.R. Noman F.M. Mohd Esa M.R. Kawasaki Z. Tiong S.K. |
| spellingShingle |
Alammari A. Alkahtani A.A. Ahmad M.R. Noman F.M. Mohd Esa M.R. Kawasaki Z. Tiong S.K. Lightning mapping: Techniques, challenges, and opportunities |
| author_sort |
Alammari A. |
| title |
Lightning mapping: Techniques, challenges, and opportunities |
| title_short |
Lightning mapping: Techniques, challenges, and opportunities |
| title_full |
Lightning mapping: Techniques, challenges, and opportunities |
| title_fullStr |
Lightning mapping: Techniques, challenges, and opportunities |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Lightning mapping: Techniques, challenges, and opportunities |
| title_sort |
lightning mapping: techniques, challenges, and opportunities |
| publisher |
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. |
| publishDate |
2023 |
| _version_ |
1806427962178797568 |