Three-Phase Handover Management and Access Point Transition Scheme for Dynamic Load Balancing in Hybrid LiFi/WiFi Networks

Data transfer; Decision making; Economic and social effects; Information management; Intelligent systems; Monte Carlo methods; Optical gain; Quality of service; Resource allocation; Wi-Fi; Wireless local area networks (WLAN); Data-rate; Energy; Hand over; Handover management; Hybrid network; Lifi; L...

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Main Authors:	Murad S.S., Yussof S., Hashim W., Badeel R.
Other Authors:	57449666500
Format:	Article
Published:	MDPI 2023
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Institution:	Universiti Tenaga Nasional

id	my.uniten.dspace-26730
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spelling	my.uniten.dspace-267302023-05-29T17:36:23Z Three-Phase Handover Management and Access Point Transition Scheme for Dynamic Load Balancing in Hybrid LiFi/WiFi Networks Murad S.S. Yussof S. Hashim W. Badeel R. 57449666500 16023225600 11440260100 57353950500 Data transfer; Decision making; Economic and social effects; Information management; Intelligent systems; Monte Carlo methods; Optical gain; Quality of service; Resource allocation; Wi-Fi; Wireless local area networks (WLAN); Data-rate; Energy; Hand over; Handover management; Hybrid network; Lifi; Load-Balancing; Three phase; Three phasis; Wireless communications; MATLAB Since LiFi and WiFi do not interfere with one another, a LiFi/WiFi hybrid network may provide superior performance to existing wireless options. With a large number of users and constant changes, a network can easily become overloaded, leading to slowdowns and fluctuations in data transfer speeds. Handover (HO) increases significantly with an increase in users, which can negatively impact system performance and quality of service (QoS) due to connection loss and/or delay. Innovative three-phase handover management and AP transition (TPHM-APT) is proposed with the goals of maintaining a steady link with reduced HOs for all connected users, meeting high per-user data rates, and having low outage performance. The proposed scheme primarily focuses on reducing the total number of HOs, which improves reliability and keeps user densities low on individual LiFi APs, which conserves bandwidth and energy. Conventional methods of HO management and user assignment, such as those based on signal strength strategy (SSS), involve reallocating users to a different AP the moment they encounter a HO. Our technique consists of three stages that focus on the optical gain, the incidence angle of the receiver FOV, and user mobility speed for decision-making. Specifically, a data rate threshold (DRT), which is equivalent to the data rate gained from the optical gain, is used to determine whether users must be served by a LiFi or a WiFi AP. In addition, an incidence angle threshold (IAT) is identified to manage the handover process and user AP transition with the consideration of the user mobility threshold (UMT). The proposed method considers load balancing (LB) among all connected users as well. This approach is evaluated using Monte Carlo simulations with MATLAB. Mathematical expressions are derived to analyze the performance of the proposed method. Different aspects, for example, Outage Probability, HO Overhead, User density, System Average Throughput (SAT), and Average Data Rate Requirement (ADRR), are studied. Analysis shows performance gains in overall system performance in terms of system data rates, fairness, and HO rates. Simulation results show that against the standard HO scheme and traditional HO skipping and APA methods, the proposed scheme can effectively decrease HO rates, save LiFi resources, and increase user throughput. It also shows good correspondence to the analysis and reveals the associated trade-offs that occur when moving between the span of narrow to wide FOVs and vice versa (HO rates and APS). The proposed scheme achieves almost identical results for low-density and high-density systems as well, with different ADRR and HO overhead values. � 2022 by the authors. Final 2023-05-29T09:36:23Z 2023-05-29T09:36:23Z 2022 Article 10.3390/s22197583 2-s2.0-85139812470 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85139812470&doi=10.3390%2fs22197583&partnerID=40&md5=3a3efea55d40bfc4715909a2e7c700be https://irepository.uniten.edu.my/handle/123456789/26730 22 19 7583 All Open Access, Gold, Green MDPI Scopus
institution	Universiti Tenaga Nasional
building	UNITEN Library
collection	Institutional Repository
continent	Asia
country	Malaysia
content_provider	Universiti Tenaga Nasional
content_source	UNITEN Institutional Repository
url_provider	http://dspace.uniten.edu.my/
description	Data transfer; Decision making; Economic and social effects; Information management; Intelligent systems; Monte Carlo methods; Optical gain; Quality of service; Resource allocation; Wi-Fi; Wireless local area networks (WLAN); Data-rate; Energy; Hand over; Handover management; Hybrid network; Lifi; Load-Balancing; Three phase; Three phasis; Wireless communications; MATLAB
author2	57449666500
author_facet	57449666500 Murad S.S. Yussof S. Hashim W. Badeel R.
format	Article
author	Murad S.S. Yussof S. Hashim W. Badeel R.
spellingShingle	Murad S.S. Yussof S. Hashim W. Badeel R. Three-Phase Handover Management and Access Point Transition Scheme for Dynamic Load Balancing in Hybrid LiFi/WiFi Networks
author_sort	Murad S.S.
title	Three-Phase Handover Management and Access Point Transition Scheme for Dynamic Load Balancing in Hybrid LiFi/WiFi Networks
title_short	Three-Phase Handover Management and Access Point Transition Scheme for Dynamic Load Balancing in Hybrid LiFi/WiFi Networks
title_full	Three-Phase Handover Management and Access Point Transition Scheme for Dynamic Load Balancing in Hybrid LiFi/WiFi Networks
title_fullStr	Three-Phase Handover Management and Access Point Transition Scheme for Dynamic Load Balancing in Hybrid LiFi/WiFi Networks
title_full_unstemmed	Three-Phase Handover Management and Access Point Transition Scheme for Dynamic Load Balancing in Hybrid LiFi/WiFi Networks
title_sort	three-phase handover management and access point transition scheme for dynamic load balancing in hybrid lifi/wifi networks
publisher	MDPI
publishDate	2023
_version_	1806428369281089536

Three-Phase Handover Management and Access Point Transition Scheme for Dynamic Load Balancing in Hybrid LiFi/WiFi Networks

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