Chemical interaction and conductivity of carboxymethyl ?-carrageenan based green polymer electrolyte

• Main Authors: Mobarak N.N., Ramli N., Ahmad A., Rahman M.Y.A.
• Other Authors: 6507632213
• Format: Article
• Published: 2023
• Subjects: Carboxymethyl; Carrageenan; Green polymer electrolyte; Ionic conductivity; Algae; Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; Ethers; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Nuclear magnetic resonance; Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; Polyelectrolytes; Polymers; X ray diffraction; X ray powder diffraction; ATR FTIR; Carrageenans; Chemical interactions; Crystallinities; Degrees of substitution; Fourier transform infrared; Marine red alga; Polymer electrolyte; Polymer solvent complexes; Solution-casting technique; XRD spectra; Chemical modification
• Institution: Universiti Tenaga Nasional

The potential of ?-carrageenan derivatives as a green polymer electrolyte has been explored. ?-Carrageenan extracted from marine red algae was reacted with monochloacetic acid to form carboxymethyl ?-carrageenan. The powders were characterized by reflection fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, 13C nuclear magnetic resonance, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, X-ray diffraction and elemental analysis to confirm the structural, crystallinity and the degrees of substitution. A green polymer electrolyte of ?-carrageenan and carboxymethyl ?-carrageenan were prepared by solution-casting technique. The films were characterized by reflection fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to determine the chemical interaction and ionic conductivity. The decrease in intensity of hydroxyl, carbonyl, sulfate and ether band confirmed the polymer solvent complex formation. XRD spectra show that chemical modification of ?-carrageenan does not change its amorphous properties. The ionic conductivity was found to increase by three magnitudes higher with the chemical modification of ?-carrageenan. The conductivity achieved was 2.0 � 10 - 4 S cm - 1 for carboxymethyl ?-carrageenan in comparison to 5.3 � 10 - 7 S cm - 1 for ?-carrageenan. � 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.