Densification behaviors of hydroxyapatite/pectin bio-ceramics

• Main Authors: Teoh M.W., Ng C.K., Lee S.K.Y., Ramesh S., Ting C.H., Chuah Y.D., Lim I.Y., Tan C.Y., Sutharsini U.
• Other Authors: 58071083000
• Format: Article
• Published: Elsevier Ltd 2024
• Subjects: Bio-ceramics; Chicken bones; Hydroxyapatite; Mechanical properties; Pectin; Animals; Biocompatibility; Calcination; Medical applications; Microwave irradiation; Sintering; Ball-milled; Bio ceramics; Bone graft; Densification behaviour; Human bones; Microwave- irradiations; Physio-chemical; Two-step sintering
• Institution: Universiti Tenaga Nasional

Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a popular biomaterial in making implants and bone grafts owing to its high biocompatibility and close resemblance to human bone. This study aims to determine the physiochemical and mechanical properties of HA derived from chicken bones (CHA) through calcination. Microwave irradiation-extracted pectin was ball-milled with CHA. Pure CHA and CHA added with pectin (CHAP) were sintered via conventional and two-step sintering. FTIR and XRD peaks confirmed the presence of HA and ?-tricalcium phosphate in CHA and CHAP. SEM image of CHA and CHAP powder exhibited 0.5�0.625 �m rod-shaped and spherical particles, with 2�8 �m grains after sintering. Ca/P ratios of CHA and CHAP fell between 1.47 and 1.85. The highest relative density and hardness of sintered samples achieved are 96.66% and 4.76 GPa, respectively. This proves that the calcination of chicken bones can produce HA which is suitable for biomedical applications. � 2023