Forecasting of energy-related carbon dioxide emission using ANN combined with hybrid metaheuristic optimization algorithms

• Main Authors: Moayedi H., Mukhtar A., Ben Khedher N., Elbadawi I., Amara M.B., TT Q., Khalilpoor N.
• Other Authors: 55923628500
• Format: Article
• Published: Taylor and Francis Ltd. 2025
• Institution: Universiti Tenaga Nasional

Energy-related CO2 emissions are one of the biggest concerns facing urban design today, increasing rapidly as cities grow. This study uses as inputs the GDP of the G8 nations (from 1990 to 2016) depending on the utilization of various energy sources, including coal, oil, natural gas, and renewable e...